Cybercrime and Cyberrelated Crimes Home

Background Cybercrime before networked computers Cybercrime before networked computers Hacker: now a pejorative term Hacker: now a pejorative term Computer fraud vs. computer abuse Computer fraud vs. computer abuse –Fraud: for gain –Abuse: for malice Unreported cybercrime Unreported cybercrime

Properties of a cybercriminal Are hackers cybercriminals? Are hackers cybercriminals? Precocity, curiosity, persistence Precocity, curiosity, persistence Amateur vs. professional Amateur vs. professional Motivation: greed? thrills? notoriety? Motivation: greed? thrills? notoriety? Crimes of opportunity? Crimes of opportunity?

Famous cybercriminals Kevin Mitnick Kevin Mitnick Robert Morris Robert Morris Onel de Guzman Onel de Guzman Mafia Boy Mafia Boy Dmitri Dmitri Curador Curador Cults Cults

Hacking vs. cracking Hacker: enthusiast Hacker: enthusiast Cracker: destructive hacker Cracker: destructive hacker White hat vs. black hat White hat vs. black hat General public unaware of distinction General public unaware of distinction Is all hacking criminal? Is all hacking criminal? Many IT leaders were hackers Many IT leaders were hackers

Hacking and the law Invasive activity, trespass, both, neither? Invasive activity, trespass, both, neither? Early legislation: no distinction between malicious vs. non-malicious hacking Early legislation: no distinction between malicious vs. non-malicious hacking Physical crime: distinction between trespass and theft or vandalism Physical crime: distinction between trespass and theft or vandalism Distinction not as clear for cyberspace Distinction not as clear for cyberspace

Cybercrime Mere use/presence of a computer does not make a crime a cybercrime Mere use/presence of a computer does not make a crime a cybercrime “A criminal act in which a computer is used as the principal tool.” “A criminal act in which a computer is used as the principal tool.” Computer as a central component Computer as a central component Cybercrime: can be committed only with computers Cybercrime: can be committed only with computers

Three Categories of Cybercrime 1. Cyberpiracy - using cyber-technology in unauthorized ways to: a. reproduce copies of proprietary software and proprietary information, or b. distribute proprietary information (in digital form) across a computer network. 2. Cybertrespass - using cyber-technology to gain or to exceed unauthorized access to: a. an individual's or an organization's computer system, or b. a password-protected Web site. 3. Cybervandalism - using cyber-technology to unleash one or more programs that: a. disrupt the transmission of electronic information across one or more computer networks, including the Internet, or b. destroy data resident in a computer or damage a computer system's resources, or both.

Figure 7-1: Cybercrimes and Cyberrelated Crimes Cybercrimes Cyberspecific Cyberpiracy Cybertrespass Cybervandalism Cyberrelated Crimes CyberexacerbatedCyberassisted Cyberstalking Internet Pedophilia Internet Pornography Income-tax cheating (with a computer) Physical assault with a computer Property damage using a computer hardware device (e.g., throwing a hardware device through a window)

Organized cybercrime Gambling, drug trafficking, racketeering Gambling, drug trafficking, racketeering Professionals: out for gain, more skilled, less likely to get caught Professionals: out for gain, more skilled, less likely to get caught Law enforcement: Law enforcement: –keystroke monitoring –Echelon –Entrapment –Patriot Act –Homeland Security Act

Corporate espionage Intercepted cell phone calls Intercepted cell phone calls Cybertech facilitates espionage Cybertech facilitates espionage Economic Espionage Act of 1996 Economic Espionage Act of 1996

International efforts Jurisdiction: “where” is crime committed? Jurisdiction: “where” is crime committed? On-line gambling example On-line gambling example Cyberspace: a place? a medium? Cyberspace: a place? a medium? ILOVEYOU: launched from Philippines, global effect, should Guzman be extradited? ILOVEYOU: launched from Philippines, global effect, should Guzman be extradited? Prosecution in multiple jurisdictions? Prosecution in multiple jurisdictions?

Legislation Patriot Act: Magic Lantern, vendor complicity Patriot Act: Magic Lantern, vendor complicity Back doors: potential for abuse Back doors: potential for abuse Technology changes too fast for law to keep up Technology changes too fast for law to keep up COE Convention on Cybercrime COE Convention on Cybercrime Danger! Don’t Click Here Home