Imperialism 11-1

Africa Before Large empires - small villages divided by: Large empires - small villages divided by: Ethnic groups Ethnic groups Languages (1000+) Languages (1000+) Traditional beliefs (gods etc) Traditional beliefs (gods etc)

1880 Europe controls 10% of land – couldn’t get to interior Europe controls 10% of land – couldn’t get to interior No trade – specialized by tribes No trade – specialized by tribes

Livingstone David Livingstone (late 1860’s) - source of the Nile - disappears David Livingstone (late 1860’s) - source of the Nile - disappears American newsman (Henry Stanley) finds him American newsman (Henry Stanley) finds him

Congo 1882 Stanley signed treaties with local chiefs- gives control of the land (Congo) to Belgium - King Leopold 1882 Stanley signed treaties with local chiefs- gives control of the land (Congo) to Belgium - King Leopold France, Britain, Germany, Italy and Spain do same France, Britain, Germany, Italy and Spain do same

Imperialism Take over of country by stronger with intent of dominating political, economic and social life Take over of country by stronger with intent of dominating political, economic and social life New markets & raw materials New markets & raw materials Empire size = size of greatness Empire size = size of greatness

Motives Social Darwinism - survival of the fittest applied to social change Social Darwinism - survival of the fittest applied to social change Christianize and westernize Christianize and westernize Racism – idea that one race is superior to others Racism – idea that one race is superior to others Europe better technology and civilized Europe better technology and civilized

Forces Enabling Maxim gun – 1 st machine gun Maxim gun – 1 st machine gun Steam engine Steam engine Quinine – protect vs malaria Quinine – protect vs malaria

Berlin Conference to prevent fighting in Europe – no African ruler present to prevent fighting in Europe – no African ruler present Claim land by showing you could control it Claim land by showing you could control it 1914 only Liberia and Ethiopia remained free 1914 only Liberia and Ethiopia remained free

Products Peanuts, palm oil, cocoa and rubber replaced food crops Peanuts, palm oil, cocoa and rubber replaced food crops Copper and tin Copper and tin gold and diamonds gold and diamonds

South Africa Shaka, Zulu chief - large centralized state & good military Shaka, Zulu chief - large centralized state & good military Successors lose Zulu land became British Successors lose Zulu land became British

Boers Dutch settlers, Boers, had large farms - clashed with the British in Dutch settlers, Boers, had large farms - clashed with the British in Great Trek – Boer move north away from Brits and now fight with Zulu Great Trek – Boer move north away from Brits and now fight with Zulu

Boer War Brits go north - gold/diamonds Brits go north - gold/diamonds Boer War – first modern war Boer War – first modern war Boer use guerrilla tactics Boer use guerrilla tactics Brits burn farms imprison women and children in disease ridden camps Brits burn farms imprison women and children in disease ridden camps

South Africa Britain wins Britain wins Boer republics join the Union of South Africa- controlled by the British Boer republics join the Union of South Africa- controlled by the British