Chapter 11 Section 2 Life Behind the Lines

Draft Required military service

Describe the draft laws in the South Men ages 18-35 required to serve in the military for 3 years Extended service of volunteers for 2 more years Upper age of the draft eventually extended to 50

Describe the draft laws in the North Men ages 18-35 eligible for military service Northerners could pay the government to avoid service Men could hire substitutes to fight in their place

Recognition Official acceptance as an independent nation Confederacy failed to obtain this However, the Confederacy did receive some support from Britain and France

Greenback 1862- Congress passes and act that creates a national currency Called greenbacks because of their color Not backed by gold Declared by Congress to be acceptable for all legal payment of all public or private debt

Copperhead A group of the very few Democrats left in Congress They raised protest against the war They argued that Republican policies would bring a flood of freed slaves to the North and take jobs away from whites Some urged army desertion and resistance to the draft

Martial Law Emergency rule by military authorities Some Bill of Right guarantees are suspended Lincoln exercised this power Only President to ever do so Did this to ensure the border states stayed in the Union

Writ of Habeas Corpus A legal protection requiring that a court determine if a person is lawfully imprisoned Without it, people can be held in prison indefinitely Lincoln suspended this More than 13,000 Americans who objected to the war were imprisoned without trial

How were martial law and the suspension of habeas corpus used to silence dissenters? Lincoln used martial law to ensure Kentucky would remain loyal to the union Suspending habeas corpus imprison, without trial, those who objected to the Union government’s policies during the war Kept dissenters quiet and out of sight

Emancipation Proclamation Freed the slaves in the Confederacy

Why did Lincoln decide to issue the Emancipation Proclamation? Lincoln recognized the importance of slavery to the South’s war effort Came to regard ending slavery as another strategy to end the war Kept Europe away No European nation would fight a war to defend slavery

Make a list of the effects of the Emancipation Proclamation in both the North and South. Underline the two most important effects.   South’s slaves freed themselves by escaping to the Union Encouraged African Americans to join the Union army Ended any chance of French or British intervention in the war

What caused tension between the Union and Great Britain? British were talking to the Southern Government The British received representatives from the Confederacy The U.S. eventually caught the two reps. and arrested them Britain almost declared war over this

Contraband Property confiscated that becomes the property of the enemy government The Union used this definition to free slaves they encountered The Union government would become the new slave owner, then set the slaves free

Describe the conditions inside Andersonville Prison Camp. Located in South Built to hold 10,000, but eventually held 35,000 About 100 prisoners a day died there- usually of starvation or exposure The camp’s commander was the only Confederate executed for war crimes when the war ended

Describe medical care during the Civil War. Disease killed many Poor nutrition and contaminated food led to illness A Union soldier was 3 times more likely to die in a camp or hospital than on the battlefield 20% on Union soldiers wounded in battle died from their wounds

Describe medical care during the Civil War. Doctors did not know how to sterilize their equipment