Chapter 20: Enlightenment and Revolution in England 20.1 Civil War and Revolution

I. Charles I and Parliament Charles I (son of James I) believed in Divine Right Battles of funding Petition of Right- presented by Parliament King can not tax without permission of Parl. Could not declare martial law Could not board soldiers in private homes during peacetime Could not imprison without a specific charge Charles dismissed for 11 yrs Revolt in Scotland Charles calls Parliament into session

II. The Long Parliament Meet on and off for 20 yrs Passed law- Parliament must meet at least once every 3 yrs Parliament controls taxes Tried to change Anglican Church- too Radical Irish Rebellion- Irish Catholics vs. English rule Led to Civil War- Charles I and House of Commons

III. English Civil War Kings supporters: Anglicans, Catholics, nobles- royalist or Cavaliers Parliament supporters: Puritans, Non-Anglican Protestants- Roundheads Cromwell vs. Charles I- New Model Army defeats Charles Cromwell controlled Parliament- Rump Parliament- abolished monarchy

IV. Cromwell’s Commonwealth Oliver Cromwell- Honest devout Puritan Lord protector from 1653-1658 Military dictator Republic- established constitution Unpopular but brutally effective Navigation Act of 1651- war with Dutch

V. End of Revolution Republican government failed Cromwell’s son Richard loses army’s support Parliament invited Charles II to return to English throne

Fun Facts September 1658. When Charles II was restored to the throne in 1660, some of his supporters had Cromwell's body dug up and hanged(!) from a gallows as a traitor. His remains were later buried at the foot of the gibbet. Oliver Cromwell had five sons and four daughters with a woman he married out of convenience.