PP PRACTICE CLASS #5 (#6) /28
Today …
WE WILL GET PPs OUT OF THE WAY…
page 119 – exercise 5 (a-e) IN ATONOF OFF/ONAT AGAINST WITH
page 119 – exercise 5 (f-i) IN TO BY
page 119 – exercise 6 (a-d) PREPADV PREP ADV PREP
page 119 – exercise 6 (e-h) ADV PREP ADV
page 119 – exercise 6 (i-j) PREPADV PREP CONJUNCTION
DIGRESSION: BUT – parts of speech BUT can be a CONJUNCTION: – It wasn’t the red skirt but the blue one. – By the end of the day we were tired but happy. – I am sorry but I can’t stay any longer. – I had no choice but to sign the contract. BUT can be an ADVERB: – There were a lot of celebrities there: Tom Cruise and Angelina Jolie, to name but two. BUT can be a NOUN: – With so many ifs and buts, it is better to wait. BUT can be a PREPOSITON: – The problem was anything but easy. – Everyone was there but him. – I came last but one in the race. (next to last)
BASIC PREPOSITIONAL MEANINGS PREPOSITIONAL MEANINGS SPACE TIME PROCESSCONTINGENCY OTHER MEANINGS
SPACE Prepositions denoting spatial relations can be classified into several subgroups on the basis of two criteria: TYPE OF REFERENCE POINT STATIC OR DYNAMIC POSITION Type of reference point:
TIME
PROCESS
CONTINGENCY
OTHER MEANINGS
page 118 – exercise 4 (a-e) TIME: location SPACE: surface, directionSPACE: location, point SPACE: point, direction SPACE: point, direction (destination) SPACE: surface, location SPACE: surface, direction
page 118 – exercise 4 (f-j) CONTINGENCY: purpose, goal SPACE: area, direction CONTINGENCY: purpose, goal SPACE: location, point TIME: metaphorical extension of the meaning of space
page 118 – exercise 4 (k-o) SPACE: surface, direction SPACE: line, location, relative position SPACE: metaphorical extension of space PROCESS: instrument
page 119 – exercise 4 (p-t) CONTINGENCY: cause, reason PROCESS: agent TIME: location PROCESS: manner CONTINGENCY: condition OTHER: respect CONTINGENCY: concession
THE END OF PREPOSITIONS AND THE PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE
THE LAST TOPIC BEFORE THE MID-TERM EXAM ADVERBIALS
Page 128 – exercise 1 (a-d) AdvP finite clause verbless clause PP finite clause PP
Page 128 – exercise 1 (e-h) non-finite clauseAdvPfinite clause PP non-finite clause AdvP PP AdvPPP
Page 128 – exercise 1 (i-k) PP verbless clause PP non-finite clause
Page 128 – exercise 2 (a-d) adjunct disjunctadjunct PP AdvP PP -ING (n-f) clause AdvP
Page 128 – exercise 2 (e-h) adjunct conjunct adjunct PP AdvP OR NP INF (n-f) clause finite clause AdvP
Page 128 – exercise 2 (i-l) adjunct AdvPNP AdvP
Page 128 – exercise 2 (m-p) adjunct finite clause PP AdvP OR NP AdvP
LET’S NOW GO BACK TO…
EXERCISE #1 AND ANALYZE THE FUNCTIONS THERE.
Page 128 – exercise 1 (a-d) AdvP finite clause verbless clause PP finite clause PP adjunct
Page 128 – exercise 1 (e-h) non-finite clauseAdvPfinite clause PP non-finite clause AdvP PP AdvPPP disjunct adjunct conjunct adjunct
Page 128 – exercise 1 (i-k) PP verbless clause PP non-finite clause adjunct disjunct
THE END Thank you for your time!