FUNGI Compare and contrast the parts of plants, animals and one-celled organisms Identify similarities and differences among living organisms

Vocabulary Decomposer – breaks down dead plant and animal material for nutrients Host – the organism that is harmed by a parasite Hyphae – thread-like structures of a fungus Parasite – an organism that lives off of another organism (host) and causes it harm Spore – reproductive cells of a fungus

Nutrition All are ___________ ( cannot make their own food) Some are parasites Many are _________ ( feed off of dead organisms) Heterotrophs Decomposers

Structure A few are ____________, such as yeast Most are multicellular, such as molds and _______________. Multicellular fungi are made up of thread-like structures called___________. Unicellular Mushrooms Hyphae

Reproduction Reproduce by tiny reproductive cells called________________. Spores are produced in the ___________ ____________________. Spores can be carried distances by the _______________. Sporulation: kind of asexual reproduction in which a new organism forms from spores released by the parent Spores Spore Case (Fruting Body) Wind

Types YEASTS CO2 gas from fermentation trapped in the dough Unicellular Reproduce by budding Anaerobic respiration (fermentation): Process by which a cell releases energy from food without using oxygen (yeast). By products are CO2 & alcohol. Yeasts are used in making bread, wine, beer and solvents. Why does bread dough rise? Kind of asexual reproduction in which a new organism forms from a bud on a parent CO2 gas from fermentation trapped in the dough

Yeast

Types MOLDS Grow on the ___________of objects Hyphae appear_________________________ _________________________ Spores _________ out of the fruiting body Surface Thread like and like tangled cotton Burst Causing it to spread more

MOLD

The best known of this phylum of around 600 species is black bread mold, such as Rhizopus stolonifer.

Types Mushroom Shaped like_________________________ Fruiting body is known as the __________________________ Spores_______________from the cap causing mushrooms to grow in _______________ An umbrella Cap (Fruiting Body) Fall Colonies

Mushroom Gills Cap (Fruiting Body) Stalk Spores Hyphae

Why would mold spread more and faster than mushrooms? Mushroom spores drop to the ground from the cap Mold spores burst out of the fruiting body into the air How are the hyphae of mold and mushrooms different? Mold’s hyphae are visable on the surface of objects Mushroom’s hyphae are not visable because it is underground

Fungi

Plant and Animal diseases Humans: ringworm, athlete's foot, and several more serious diseases are caused by fungi. difficult to treat. Plant: caused by fungi include rusts, smuts, and leaf, root, and stem rots, and may cause severe damage to crops.

Helpful uses Drugs made from fungi cure diseases and stop the rejection of transplanted hearts and other organs. Fungi are also grown in large vats to produce flavorings for cooking, vitamins and enzymes for removing stains. Bread, cheese, yogurt

6th Grade Review Gravity The closer objects are the stronger the pull of gravity The farther objects are the weaker the pull of gravity The larger objects are the stronger the pull of gravity The smaller objects are the weaker the pull of gravity