ANIMAL WELFARE TRAINING ANIMALS in RESEARCH & TEACHING BIOMEDICAL MODELS & BASIC STUDIES W.L. Shelton, Director Laboratory Animal Resources Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee University of Oklahoma

Time Line: Public Law promulgation = Animal Welfare Act 1985 – USDA & NIH regulation revisions – established IACUC requirement

UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA STRUCTURE of ANIMAL CARE and USE PROGRAM* LABORATORY ANIMAL RESOURCES (LAR) INSTITUTIONAL ANIMAL CARE AND USE COMMITTEE (IACUC) * Mandated by AWA of 1966 and amendments

Animal Care & Use Program Implies the two major programmatic functions — CARE = Animal husbandry = LAR USE = Experimental Aspect = IACUC

STUDY and TEACHING CATEGORIES* Laboratory vs. Field – Manipulate vs. Observation Basic Studies (biology, behavior, husbandry) Natural History Studies – native species in natural habitat Animal Models (genetics, physiology, medical, human surrogate) – Lab mammals, fish, amphib. Biomedical –Lab Animals or Farm Animals or Native species Agricultural – Husbandry (Simulate farm environ.) *ALL LIVE VERTEBRATES COVERED BY ANIMAL WELFARE ACT

ETHICAL ISSUES HUMAN SUBJECT - Testing/Experimentation? - Institutional Review Board - Required - Permission - Required - Placebos? - Drugs/Procedures? ANIMALS – Cannot Obtain Permission!! Therefore: - Well being – Animal welfare - Appropriate animal model? - Information Value – Justification - Numbers – statistical validity/ minimum required - Non-human Vertebrates – Sentience Consideration - Pain/ Stress alleviation – Required & Explained

Not everyone is enthusiastic about using animals in research IS IT NECESSARY / IMPORTANT?

USE of ANIMALS in RESEARCH and TEACHING Opponents vs Proponents Animal Rights vs Animal Welfare

Animal Protection Societies were instrumental in the stimulation of legislation and subsequent development of the mechanism for animal welfare protection relative to biomedical research ANIMAL WELFARE PERSPECTIVE

Ecoterrorist and Protest groups have developed and operate outside the law ANIMAL RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE PETA opposes animal use – entertainment, food, experimentation. Not above radicalization

ANTHROPOMORPHISM IS NOT SCIENTIFIC

STRUCTURE of ANIMAL CARE and USE PROGRAM* LABORATORY ANIMAL RESOURCES (LAR) INSTITUTIONAL ANIMAL CARE and USE COMMITTEE (IACUC) * Mandated by AWA of 1966 and amendments

THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA (A ) ANIMAL WELFARE ASSURANCE in accordance with the PHS Policy for Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals Update Approved 10 June 2013 In effect through 30 June 2017

MANUAL of STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES (M-SOP) LABORATORY ANIMAL RESOURCES (LAR) UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA, NORMAN CAMPUS (OUNC) February 2012 (3 rd Edition) January 2009 (2 nd Edition) May 2005 (1 st Edition) William L. Shelton, LAR Director Sutton Hall, Administrative Office Sutton Hall, 308c Mailing address 730 Van Vleet Oval Richards Hall, 314 University of Oklahoma Norman, OK 73019

ANIMAL ORDER APPROVAL & CONFIRMATION FORM LABORATORY ANIMAL RESOURCES Complete this form and send it to Director, Laboratory Animal Resource, Department of Biology, Richards Hall, Room 314. Project Name & Animal Use Statement Number (R0X-XXX) Project Number or Course Number: ____________________ Principal Investigator/ Instructor: ______ Phone #:_______ Housing of Animals: Building: _______ Room#: _______ Single : ____Group:______ Number Per Cage:____ NOTE: Animals will be segregated by sex unless otherwise directed. Ordering Information: Vendor: ______________________ Phone # Number:____ Name of Person Placing the Order: _______________ Species: ______ Sex: ________ Strain/Stock______________ Weight/Age: ________ Date Ordered: _________ Expected Deliver Date: _________ Deliver Animals to: ________________________________ Special Requirements: Received in LAR office:________________ by:___________ Processed Form will be sent to the P.I./Instructor, the Animal Facilities Manager, and to the appropriate stockroom manager if ordered on P-card. Update July 2013

STRUCTURE of ANIMAL CARE and USE PROGRAM* LABORATORY ANIMAL RESOURCES (LAR) INSTITUTIONAL ANIMAL CARE and USE COMMITTEE (IACUC) * Mandated by AWA of 1966 and amendments

IACUC Self-regulatory entity with responsibility to monitor animal research and the animal care program at institutions that use Live Vertebrate Animals IN RESEARCH or TEACHING APHIS/USDA – Registered Research Facility OLAW/PHS - Institutional Assurance Compliance Document = 4-year ‘contract’

Training Federal law requires training for all who use live animals in research & teaching Type of training depends on role –Supervisor and husbandry staff –Veterinarians –IACUC Members –Investigators

Signature of Major Professor -- Letter

Faculty and/or Graduate Student Research involving live vertebrate animals --IACUC approval must precede research --Documentation of IACUC review is required by funding agencies & University: Office of Research Support – proposals Graduate College – thesis check-off --Students must be named in approval letter if working on your Major Prof’s. AUS, OR You must have your own!

M.S. – COMMITTEE MEETING THESIS TOPIC FORM – TOO LATE! DOCTORAL – ADVISORY CONFERENCE OK IACUC Review Verification for thesis/dissertation research

iacuc.ou.edu Application procedure & forms Links and Announcements Training

IACUC Responsibilities* Review Program – Semi-annually Inspect Laboratory & Housing facilities – d.o. Investigate suspected violations of AWA Research Protocol Review - Monthly Personnel qualifications (Requisite training) Description of Literature Search Justification – protocol, species, numbers, & objectives Procedures to mitigate pain/distress Appropriate analgesia/anesthesia/euthanasia __________________________ *Report to Institutional Official

ELECTRONIC LITERATURE SEARCH Background or Foundational Studies Non-duplication Appropriate procedures Correct Animal Model

*Sentience? Pain? *(Conscious awareness of stimuli) Reactivity can & does occur without sentience Many Complex Behaviors can be done without conscious awareness, including learned avoidance Pain is sensed by cerebral cortex where it is perceived and processed, but with no definite physical dimension. However – USDA definition of Pain relative to AWA Cerebral Cortex in CNS

Evolution of the Vertebrate CNS

Evolutionary Adaptation CNS – Physiology - Behavior RESEARCH & TEACHING Biomedical Ecological Agricultural

iacuc.ou.edu

Thank You – Questions?