Environmental Risk Assessment for “Facet Enterprises”, New York, USA Presentation by Marie, Seun, and Deb

Flow of presentation Introduction Chemicals of Concerns Exposure Assessment Conclusions Introduction Chemicals of Concerns Exposure Assessment Conclusions

Introduction: Company History  An active manufacturing facility occupying 31 acres in the Village of Elmira Heights, Town of Horseheads, Chemung County, New York EPA region II, Site ID NYD : Started with producing bicycles; later produced various industrial and motor parts such as starters, clutches, spark plugs etc World war II: time fuses, 20 millimeter guns, magnetos, aircraft cannons, and fuel pumps were manufactured on-site Plant 2 started manufacturing in 1941

Introduction: Company History (Contd.) 1895: “Eclipse Incorporated 1929 to 1976, Bendix Corporation 1976, Facet Enterprises assumed ownership of the facility Later changed to “Purolator Products” 1895: “Eclipse Incorporated 1929 to 1976, Bendix Corporation 1976, Facet Enterprises assumed ownership of the facility Later changed to “Purolator Products”

Introduction: Site Description

Introduction: Site Description (Contd.)

 Nearest residence 80 feet to the south Total population at these three sites is 75,000. Residential areas southeast drained by storm swears; west and southwest drained by swear that connects to Mays Creek Ground water was used for drinking purposes  Nearest residence 80 feet to the south Total population at these three sites is 75,000. Residential areas southeast drained by storm swears; west and southwest drained by swear that connects to Mays Creek Ground water was used for drinking purposes

Introduction: Site Characterization (Contd.)  The electronic wastes produced by the industry was dumped in the waste pit Waste water was drained into the near by creek  The electronic wastes produced by the industry was dumped in the waste pit Waste water was drained into the near by creek

Data collection and evaluation: chemicals of concern at the site Chemicals detected during sampling Aroclor 1248Benzo(g,h,i) perylene Dibenz(a,h)anthraceneNaphthalene Aroclor 1254CadmiumDibenzofuranNickel (soluble salts) Arsenic (inorganic) Chromium (III)Dichloroethene, 1,1Pentachlorophenol Benzo(a)anthraceneChryseneIndeno(1,2,3- cd) pyrene Phenanthrene Benzo(a)pyreneCyanide (free) Lead (and compounds) (inorganic) Thallium Trichloroethane, 1,1,1- Vinyl Chloride

Data collection and evaluation: chemicals of concern at the site Health effects of chemicals detected during sampling (Carcinogens) Aroclor 1248 CarcinogenLiver cancer Aroclor 1254 CarcinogenBiliary tract Arsenic (inorganic) CarcinogenLung cancer Benzo(a)anthracene Probable Carcinogen Benzo(a)pyrene Probable Carcinogen Cadmium CarcinogenLung cancer Chromium (III) CarcinogenLung cancer Vinyl Chloride CarcinogenLiver cancer Dichloroethane 1,1 Possible Carcinogen Indeno(1,2,3- cd) pyrene Possible Carcinogen Nickel CarcinogenLung cancer

Data collection and evaluation: chemicals of concern at the site Health effects of chemicals detected during sampling (Non carcinogens) Dibenz(a,h)anthracene Reproductive system Dibenzofuran Skin, eyes, and nose irritation Pentachlorophenol Liver and kidney Naphthalene Red blood cells Lead (inorganic) Nervous and blood system Thallium Nervous, lung, and kidney Phenanthrene Skin Trichloroethane, 1,1,1- Liver, kidney, and liver system Benzo(g,h,i) perylene Reproductive system Chrysene Reproductive system Cyanide Reproductive system

Exposure and toxicity assessment Exposure pathways Outdoor air Soil and sediment contamination Offsite contamination Onsite contamination Surface water contamination Potable water contamination Soil and sediment contamination

Exposure and toxicity assessment (Contd.)  All groups had equal chances of being affected by the contaminants Ground water was the source of drinking water supply No threat from surface water No threat from indoor air to the residents Contaminated water was used in all industrial processes Soil and sediment posed equal risk and are not cumulative Water treatment facility processes did not reduce the contaminant level Assumptions

Results: Cancer risk for industrial workers

Results: Non cancer risk for industrial workers

Results: Pathway comparison for industrial workers

Results: Offsite adult cancer risk of residents

Results: Offsite adult non-cancer risk for residents

Results: Offsite children cancer risk

Results: Offsite children non cancer risk

Results: Pathway analysis for offsite exposure

Conclusions Ingestion from soil and sediment possess the highest exposure pathways The soil and sediment are highly contaminated and are the primary residue of most of the waste dumped by the company Dibenz(a,h)anthracene posed the largest cancer risk to residents while Chyrsene was culprit for the non- cancer. Industrial workers were mostly exposed to arsenic, and arsenic contamination posed the greatest hazard to arsenic. Most of the contaminants were carcinogen thus making the carcinogenic risk high while the non-cancer risk was non existent Ingestion from soil and sediment possess the highest exposure pathways The soil and sediment are highly contaminated and are the primary residue of most of the waste dumped by the company Dibenz(a,h)anthracene posed the largest cancer risk to residents while Chyrsene was culprit for the non- cancer. Industrial workers were mostly exposed to arsenic, and arsenic contamination posed the greatest hazard to arsenic. Most of the contaminants were carcinogen thus making the carcinogenic risk high while the non-cancer risk was non existent

References References Dr. R. Authenrith (verbally) (Professor Civil Engineering) Abhi ( smart risk operator)

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