CHAPTER 8 VOCAB

Type of cell division used by organisms to grow bigger, repair injuries, and replace worn out cells. Condition in which a cell has grown so large its DNA is unable to keep up with the demand for information mitosis DNA Overload

2 identical arms that make up a chromosome chromatids 2 matching chromosomes that are the same size, same shape, and carry genes for the same traits. HOMOLOGOUS

Molecules that control the cell cyclins Spot in the center of a chromosome that holds the chromatid arms together centromere

Phase of mitosis in which two nuclei are visible, the nucleus returns, spindle fibers disappear, and DNA spreads out as chromatin telophase Pinched in place in an animal cell membrane during cytokinesis Cleavage furrow

Type of nuclear division that produces 2 daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell mitosis Type of division used by bacteria to reproduce Binary fission

Phase in which the cytoplasm is split between the 2 daughter cells cytokinesis 1 st phase of mitosis in which the nucleus disappears and centrioles and spindle fibers appear. prophase

Disease in which body cells lose their ability to control cell division cancer Repeating sequence of events that cells go through during their lifetime Cell cycle

Phase in which the nucleus divides mitosis Phase in which cells grow and mature and where they spend most of their life G1G1

Area next to the nucleus in which the centrioles are found that organizes the formation of the spindle centrosomes Substance that causes cancer carcinogen

Phase in which the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell metaphase Phase in which cells make the molecules and organelles needed for cell division G2G2

Phase in which the DNA is copied S or SYNTHESIS Phase in which cells leave the cycle and stop dividing all together G0G0

Phase in which chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell anaphase Fibers made of microtubules which pull the chromosomes apart during cell division Spindle fibers

Dividing wall that forms during cytokinesis in a plant cell to separate the 2 daughter cells Cell plate DNA that is spread out in the nucleus of a non-dividing cell chromatin

DNA that is scrunched up into bundles in a dividing cell chromosomes Dark spot in the nucleus of a cell that makes ribosomes nucleolus

Process by which a normal cell becomes a cancer cell transformation Substance that can damage DNA and cause cancer carcinogen

Enzyme that replaces the protective telomeres on the ends of chromosomes telomerase The shut down of cell division in cells when they touch neighboring cells Contact inhibition

Spread of cancer cells to a new place in the body metastasis Protective ends on the tips of chromosomes telomeres

The requirement that dividing cells need to be attached to a surface in order to divide Anchorage dependence Gene that turns on DNA repair and apoptosis genes and controls the passage of cells into cell division which is often mutated in cancer cells p53