April 2015

Sanctioned for use by the U.S. EPA and Mass EPA Widely used in North America, Europe, Japan

Has been used for decades Extensive lab and environmental studies done Plenty of data available

That it is perfectly safe when applied: To selectively targeted areas Directly to/above dense weed infestations As directed:  Proper dilution (mixed with/water)  Proper amount / acre of lake to treat

1. World Health Organization 2. United States EPA 3. Massachusetts EEA 4. European Environmental Agency 5. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources 6. New Zealand Nat'l Inst. Water Atmos. Research * NO MANUFACTURER / INDUSTRY CLAIMS WERE RESEARCHED OR USED BY THE LMPA

1. World Health Organization: 2. United States EPA: 3. Massachusetts EEA Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources 5. New Zealand Nat'l Inst. of Water & Atmospheric Research

IS: 1.the most cost-effective way to manage our native weeds 2.most targeted method for weed management 3.widely used in North America, Europe, and Japan 4.well researched: a.it has been used and scientifically monitored and tested since the 1960’s b.reported on by the EPA, Mass EEA, WHO, European Env. Agency, NIWA, Wisc. DNR, and many others (see references slide) 5.safe for swimmers - they may safely re-enter the water in 24 hours. it is safer than widely used chlorine in swimming pools - chlorine is more toxic and more of an irritant than Diquat in lakewater (at recommended doses) 6.safe to step on - Diquat in the lakebed soil will not irritate any skin that comes in contact with it. 7.safe for our wells and groundwater - it effectively binds to top 1-5 cm. of lakebed soils, and does not leach out into groundwater IS NOT: 1.a toxin in its diluted form (as applied to the lake)- it only poses health risks when ingested/contacted in its pure, crystalline form 2.a cause of cancer (carcinogen) (even at doses much higher than our use will be) 3.a cause of birth defects 4.a threat to pets/wildlife 5.a long-term risk - it does not stay in the water for longer than a few hours-days, and rapidly binds to plants and soils. It breaks down in soils over time. 6.a source of dangerous levels of EDB - at the dilutions of Diquat used, EDB levels are 1000’s of times lower than accepted standards. EDB degrades over time. 7.the only solution - lawn fertilizer education, better stormwater management, and other actions are needed as well.

ONLY WHEN INGESTED/CONTACTED in its concentrated form (undiluted) Once diluted and applied - only if ingested long-term at higher concentrations than allowed by law

No. Many studies done, several different lab animal species: no cancer observed at a range of different dose rates including dosages much higher than what we will apply to lake studies done long term; Diquat does not persist in lakewater for longer than a few days

EDB is ethylene dibromide It is a manufacturing by-product: found in very small amounts in Diquat is not an active ingredient EDB is considered to be a carcinogen, but: only above a certain amount these amounts are times higher than what we will apply to lake EDB does not persist in water and degrades over time

Nothing. Diquat: is mostly absorbed by plants and lakebed sediment within hours: so, is undetectable in water within several hours - a few days is, when applied as directed, less toxic and irritating than chlorine in swimming pools has been determined by the EPA to allow swimming 24 hours post application

Nothing. Diquat: is mostly absorbed by plants and lakebed sediment within hours: so, is undetectable in water within several hours - a few days diquat treated water can, when applied as directed, be drank safely: by a 150lb adult: 25 liters of treated water by a child: ¼ liter of treated water a day for life

Nothing. Diquat: is strongly adsorbed (stuck to) sediments so much so, that it is considered biologically unavailable: this means that it cannot “rub off” of the soil by contact with human tissues (feet, fingers, etc) so, it cannot be absorbed into the skin, or into the bloodstream, etc. It simply cannot interact with you at all once it is adsorbed by soil particles

No. Diquat: is strongly adsorbed by (stuck to) lakebed sediments so much so, that it does not penetrate deeper than 1-5 cm below the surface of the lakebed this means that it cannot be carried by percolating (trickling through) the soil, and find its way into wells or other bodies of groundwater

There are none. Diquat: is strongly and quickly absorbed by plants and adsorbed by lakebed sediments so it doesn’t remain in water for more than a few hours-days is broken down by exposure to sunlight breaks down in lakebed sediments over time So, Diquat, does not accumulate or remain in the lake over time. No presence of chemical = no risk of exposure

1986- EPA registers Diquat present: Lake in New Zealand monitored

Yes. It has been tested: By several agencies worldwide Over the course of decades

1. Walleye (not in Maspenock) 2. Trout ( " " ) 3. Daphnia (water fleas) 4. Hyalella (a 3-8mm long Crustacean) 5. Snails *3 -5: only organisms found in direct treatment area are affected. Animals leave affected area, then return when Diquat no longer present. Pop.s of 3 and 4 rebound quickly.

No: Studies on several different species of animals showed no cancers. Small minority of animal species tested showed birth defects when dosed DAILY at levels 3x or more greater than would be used in the lake. (Diquat is no longer present in water within days after treatment) Diquat was shown to not cause gene mutations or hereditary disease (all World Health Org.)