Recap: Vowels & Consonants V – central “sound” of the syllable C – outer “shell” of the syllable (C) V (C) (C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)(C)

Recap: Vowels & Consonants V – central “sound” of the syllable C – outer “shell” of the syllable

Consonants 3 features: Manner Place Voicing

Consonants Daniel Currie Hall anhall/phonetics/sammy.html

How much constriction? plosive: completely blocked fricative: partly blocked approximant: slightly hindered nasalization Does the air flow through both the nose and the mouth, or just the mouth? 1 Manner of Articulation Consonants: 3 phonetic features affricate: plosive + fricative

Plosive (stop) Fricative Affricate Nasal Lateral Approximant 1 Manner of Articulation Consonants: 3 phonetic features

2 Place of Articulation Consonants: 3 phonetic features Where in the mouth does the constriction occur? What parts of the mouth are involved (lips, teeth, tongue, roof of the mouth)?

bilabial labiodental dental alveolar palatal velar glottal 2 Place of Articulation Consonants: 3 phonetic features

2 Place of Articulation Consonants: 3 phonetic features Plosives: bilabial alveolar velar (palatal)

3 Voicing Consonants: 3 phonetic features Are the vocal chords vibrating or not? fortis lenis -

fortis lenis PLOSIVES FRICATIVES AFFRICATES

FORTISLENIS length voicing strength aspiration glottalization unvoiced often voiced longer shorter strongerweaker not aspirated not glottalized may be glottalized may be aspirated

FORTISLENIS voicing unvoiced often voiced aspiration not aspirated may be aspirated

English p h b French p b Fortis Lenis PIE BUY PEAU BEAU Icelandic p h p PATI BATI

pin penni spin spenni bin benni

bay labour lip closure release labba pay, páll bein no voicing voicing

VOT Voice Onset Time