Parenthetical Documentation Presentation by Penni Cyr, Bear Library Media Specialist What do we mean by this? The writer of a paper must give credit to the source of information, in the body of the paper. This is sometimes referred to as IN-TEXT documentation.

Parenthetical or IN-TEXT Documentation  Gibaldi says, a list of Works Cited (at the end of a paper) is important, but it does not provide sufficient detail (238).  Brief references in parentheses within the body of a report allow readers to locate complete information about the sources in that list (“Language Network” 455). Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 6 ed. New York: Modern Language Association, Language Network: Grammar, Writing, Communication. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2007.

What to Credit… What kinds of things do you credit?  Each quotation you use from someone  Each time you paraphrase someone else’s words  Each summary of someone else’s words you use

What NOT to credit… What doesn’t need to be credited?  Commonly known Information Dates of birth, death, etc. that are a matter of public record  Facts stated or corroborated in more than one source  Your own original ideas.

Rule 1: Be specific There is a direct relationship between the in-text documentation and the Works Cited.  References in text must clearly point to specific sources in the list of WORKS CITED. “You must tell your readers not only what works you used but also exactly what you found and where you found it in the text” (Gibaldi 238). Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 6 ed. New York: Modern Language Association, 2003.

Rules 2 & 3: Be Brief  Use only information needed to identify a source. author’s last name, first word of title, page number, etc.  Place where pause naturally occurs.  Place as near as possible to material being documented.  Place inside the punctuation mark.  Should not interrupt the text.

Some Examples In-Text Citation  Coughing is caused by postnasal drip (Smith Proquest).  FMS occurs in specific body areas (Chaitow Internet)  Clark said using in-text citations will make or break your grade (Clark Interview) Works Cited  Chaitow, Tom. Fibromayalgia [Online]  Clark, Casey. Personal Interview. 27 January  Smith, Alvin. “Coughing.” Time. 20 March 1999: Proquest Online. 2 March 2000.

Direct Relationship with Works Cited In-Text Citation  Coughing is caused by postnasal drip (Smith Proquest).  FMS occurs in specific body areas (Chaitow Internet)  Clark said using in-text citations will make or break your grade (Clark Interview) Works Cited  Chaitow, Tom. Fibromayalgia [Online]  Clark, Casey. Personal Interview. 27 January  Smith, Alvin. “Coughing.” Time. 20 March 1999: Proquest Online. 2 March 2000.

Works Cited Help…  Citation Machine project.com/citationmachine.net/ project.com/citationmachine.net/ Found on Bear Library Website under MLA/Citation page  Used both for Works Cited and In-text documentation

Works Cited Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 6 ed. New York: Modern Language Association, Language Network: Grammar, Writing, Communication. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2007.