EXPANSION AND REFORM, IMMIGRATION, CH. 15  SSUSH12 The student will analyze important consequences of American industrial growth.  a. Describe Ellis Island, the change in immigrants’ origins to southern and eastern Europe and the impact of this change on urban America.

 SSUSH12 The student will analyze important consequences of American industrial growth.  a. Describe Ellis Island, the change in immigrants’ origins to southern and eastern Europe and the impact of this change on urban America.  b. Identify the American Federation of Labor and Samuel Gompers.  c. Describe the growth of the western population and its impact on Native Americans with reference to Sitting Bull and Wounded Knee.  d. Describe the 1894 Pullman strike as an example of industrial unrest. 

IMMIGRATION…WHY  A. TO ACHIEVE BETTER LIFE  B. TO ESCAPE FAMINE, LANDSHORTAGES, RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION  C. TO EARN MONEY AND RETURN HOME

IMMIGRATION GROUPS  A. EUROPEANS  B. ASIANS  C. CARIBBEAN ISLANDERS AND MEXICANS

IMMIGRATION GROUPS  A. EUROPEANS  1. BEFORE 1890, ORIGIN: W. AND N. EUROPE  2. AFTER 1890S, ORIGIN: S. AND E. EUROPE (IT, AU-HU, RU)  3. ENTERED USA ON E. COAST

ASIAN  , CHINESE: GOLD AND RR  , JAPANESE  3. ENTERED USA ON W. COAST

CARIBBEAN ISLANDERS AND MEXICANS  1. CUBA, JAMAICA, PUERTO RICO, MEXICO  2. LURE OF WORK

IMMIGRANT ENTRANCE STATIONS  ELLIS ISLAND, E. COAST  1.NYC, NY  2.5 HR PROCESSING  3.PHYSICAL EXAM  4.DOCUMENT CHECK  ANGEL ISLAND, W. COAST  1.SAN FRANCISCO, CA  2.HARSH QUESTIONS DURING PROCESSING  3.LONG DETENTIONS  4.DOCUMENT CHECKS

EXPANSION AND REFORM, REACTION TO IMMIGRATION  A. HYPHENATED AMERICANS V. NATIVE AMERICANS (POLISH-, ITALIAN-, ETC)  B. RISE OF NATIVISM, EXTREME FAVORITISM TO NATIVE-BORN AMERICANS  C.RESULTS:  1.ANTI-IMMIGRATION GROUPS  2.IMMIGRATION RESTRICTIONS

 D. FAVORED: BRIT, GER, SCAN; NOT FAVORED: LATINS, SLAVS, ASIANS  E. ANTI-ASIAN FEELINGS  1. ANTI-CHINESE; LABOR  2. CHINESE EXCLUSION ACT, 1882; BANNED ENTRY OF CHINESE  3. MISTREATMENT OF JAPANESE

IMMIGRATION AND CITIES  A. URBAN SETTLEMENT IN ENCLAVES  B. AMERICANIZATION MOVEMENT: TO ASSIMILATE IMMIGRANT CULTURES INTO DOMINANT CULTURE  C. URBAN PROBLEMS: HOUSING, WATER, SANITATION, CRIME  D. FARMING CHANGES RESULT IN MIGRATION TO CITIES

EXPANSION AND REFORM, FINAL THOUGHTS, IMMIGRATION  1.AFTER CIVIL WAR, MILLIONS OF EUROPEAN IMMIGRANTS ENTERED USA.  2.THESE DIFFERED FROM PREVIOUS IMMIGRANTS WHO WERE MOSTLY FROM N AND W EUROPE, PROTESTANT, SPOKE ENGLISH, AND WELCOMED.  3. NEW IMMIGRANTS CAME FROM E AND S EUROPE AND WERE RCC AND JEWISH AND SPOKE NO ENGLISH  1)USA WELCOMED WEALTHY OF THIS GROUP  2)USA FORCED POOR TO HASS HEALTH AND WELFARE TESTS AT RECEPTION CENTERS SUCH AS ELLIS ISLAND, NEW YORK HARBOR.

EXPANSION AND REFORM, IMMIGRATION  4.WHETHER ASIAN OR EUROPEAN, NEW IMMIGRANTS MOSTLY SETTLED IN AREAS POPULATED FROM THE SAME NATIONS WHO SPOKE AND WORSHIPPED THE SAME.  5.POVERTY AND POLITICAL INSTABILITY WERE COMMON IN NATIVE NATIONS, SO MOST IMMIGRANTS WERE POOR AND UNSKILLED AND LIVED IN CROWDED CITIES.  6.FORMATION OF “SMALL NATIONS IN USA CITIES  7.NEW IMMIGRANTS DID NOT BLEND AS WELL INTO USA SOCIETY AS EARLIER IMMIGRANTS

REACTION TO URBAN PROBLEMS  A. PROGRESSIVE REFORM  1. SETTLEMENT HOUSES: COMMUNITY CENTERS IN SLUMS TO HELP, ESP. IMMIGRANTS  1)INFORMATION ABOUT HOME ECO, BASIC MEDICAL CARE, LEARNING ENGLISH, LEGAL RIGHTS  2. JANE ADDAMS, HULL HOUSE, CHICAGO, IL  a. NOBEL PEACE PRIZE, 1931  b. ANTI-WAR AND RACIAL JUSTICE

EXPANSION AND REFORM: AMERICAN LABOR MOVEMENT  1. LABOR UNION: WORKERS COME TOGETHER TO DEMAND BETTER PAY AND WORKING CONDITIONS  2. UNION OF LABOR UNIONS, AFL,1886, AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR, TO CHANGE WAY EMPLOYERS RAN BUSINESSES  3.FOUNDER: SAMUEL GOMPERS

EXPANSION AND REFORM: AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR  4.GOAL  1)USE OF STRIKES (WORK STOPPAGES)  SAMUEL GOMPERS

EXPANSION AND REFORM: THE PULLMAN STRIKE  1. The Pullman Strike occurred when 3,000 Pullman Palace Car Company workers reacted to a 25% wage cut by going on a wildcat strike in Illinois on May 11, 1894, bringing traffic west of Chicago to a halt.Pullman Palace Car Companywildcat strikeIllinois May

EXPANSION AND REFORM: THE PULLMAN STRIKE  The strike was broken up by United States Marshals and some 12,000 United States Army troop sent in by President Grover Cleveland on the premise that the strike interfered with the delivery of U.S. Mail, ignored a federal injunction, and represented a threat to public safety. The arrival of the military led to further outbreaks of violence. During the course of the strike, 13 strikers were killed and 57 were wounded. An estimated 6,000 rail workers did $340,000 worth of property damage (about $6,800,000 adjusted for inflation to 2007).United States MarshalsUnited States ArmyGrover ClevelandU.S. Mail

WESTWARD EXPANSION AND NATIVE AMERICANS  SSUSH12 The student will analyze important consequences of American industrial growth.  IMPORTANT IDEAS  1. AS THE USA WAS BECOMING A WORLD, INDUSTRIAL POWER, USA SOCIETY CHANGED IN MANY WAYS.  2. NATIVE AMERICANS WERE FORCED TO DEFEND LANDS USA PROMISED TO THEM.  3. IMMIGRANTS ENTERED FOR JOBS LATER DEMANDING GOOD WORKING CONDITIONS.  4. FACTORY WORKERS FORMED UNIONS FOR BETTER WORKING CONDITIONS.

 1. NATIVE AMERICANS COMPETE FOR LAND AS SETTLERS MOVE WEST.  2. EXAMPLE:  1)SIOUX NATIVES SIGNED AGREEMENT WITH USA, “NO WHITE PERSON OR PERSONS SHALL BE PERMITTED TO SETTLE UPON OR OCCUPY” SIOUX TERRITORY IN THE DAKOTAS.  2)GOLD DISCOVERY…USA WANTED LAND…SIOUX REFUSED  3)RESULT: CONFLICT, SITTING BULL AND THE SIOUX V. USA  4)SIOUX CONTINUED FIGHTING USA, SITTING BULL LATER DIED IN BATTLE

 5)SIOUX FLEE TO WOUNDED KNEE, SD, WHERE WEAPONS WERE TO BE CONFISCATED…SHOTS FIRED!!!  6)WOUNDED KNEE MASSACRE, 1890  7)LAST MAJOR CONFLICT BETWEEN AMERICANS AND NATIVES SETTLING LAND

 Sitting Bull 1831 – December 15, 1890) was a Lakota Sioux holy man, born near the Grand River in South Dakota and killed by reservation police on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation during an attempt to arrest him and prevent him from supporting the Ghost Dance movement.LakotaSiouxGrand RiverSouth Dakota Standing Rock Indian ReservationGhost Dance  He is notable in American and Native American history for his role in the major victory at the Battle of the Little Bighorn against Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer and the U.S. 7th Cavalry Regiment on June 25, 1876, where Sitting Bull's premonition of defeating the cavalry became reality. Native Americanhistory Battle of the Little BighornGeorge Armstrong CusterU.S. 7th Cavalry Regiment premonition