Chapter 20 SectionSection 1 The New Immigrants

emigrate When people leave their homes… immigrate – When people come into a country.

Before 1865 Immigrants came from: northern/western Europe (Most of these blended in because they spoke English)

Mid 1800s Immigrants came from: eastern/southern Europe Few spoke English… had different religious beliefs… They clustered together

After 1900 Immigrants came from… Mexico, China, Japan They too had difficult blending

Ethnic groups Minorities that spoke different languages or followed different customs from those of most people in a country.

Why did people want to come to America??? *escape economic problems *overcrowding *poverty *persecution *religious freedoms

How did immigrants see America? *land of jobs *plentiful & affordable land *opportunities for a better life

Immigrants came into: Ellis Island in New York City or Angel Island in San Francisco

steerage Cramped, noisy quartered on the lower decks of the boats

Ellis Island Immigration station from for immigrants from Europe

Angel Island Immigration center from for immigrants from China, Japan, Russia and South Asia

Immigrant Medical Exam Trachoma – eye exam – very contagious and 2 nd leading cause of blindness

Statue of Liberty – New York * 7 rays on crown represent 7continents *tablet: July 4, 1776 *nose: 4.5 ‘ long Given to us by France in 1886.

Emma Lazarus… “Give me your tired, your poor, You huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!” This is found at the base of the Statue of Liberty in New York City.

Immigrants greatest challenge? Finding work: unskilled workers who unloaded cargo/dug ditches, steel mills laborers that sometimes worked 7 days a week/12 hrs. a day

sweatshops garment factories that were unclean, noisy and crowded low wages, long hours, hazardous work

assimilate to become a part of society

Nativist Movement Some native born Americans feared:  Immigrants would take their jobs  Immigrants’ foreign language & unfamiliar religion would not fit into American society.

Chinese Exclusion Act Prohibited Chinese immigrants from coming into the U.S. for 10 years in 1882 and again in 1892.

gentlemen’s agreement An agreement between the U.S. and Japan to limit the Japanese into the U.S., and pledged fair treatment for the ones already in the U.S.