Basics! Gotta start someplace.

Matter Objects that take up space and have mass are called matter. Everything around you is made up of matter.

Mass Mass is how much there is of an object. The unit for mass is a gram..

Mass and weight are two different things. Mass is the amount of something. Weight is that amount effected by GRAVITY.

Volume Anything that takes up space has volume.

Density The ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance M:V mass volume chemistry/measuringmatter/

3 most familiar states of matter solid, liquid, and gas. For example, water commonly exists in three states of matter: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (steam). ofmatter/

The ice, liquid water, and steam are all the same substance—water.

A change of state is the change of a substance from one physical form to another. All changes of state are physical changes. In a physical change, the identity of a substance does not change.

Solids Have Definite Shape and Volume The particles in solids move so slowly they can not overcome the attractions between them.

Liquid is the state of matter that has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container. The particles in liquids move fast enough to overcome some of the attractions between them. The particles slide past each other until the liquid takes the shape of its container.

Gas is the state of matter that has no definite shape or volume The particles of a gas move quickly. They can break away completely from one another. There is less attraction between particles of a gas than between particles of the same substance in the solid or liquid state.

Melting: Solid to Liquid One change of state that happens when you add energy to a substance is melting. Melting is the change of state from a solid to a liquid.

Gallium melts at about 30°C. Because your normal body temperature is about 37°C, gallium will melt in your hand! Table salt, however, has a melting point of 801°C, so it will not melt in your hand. pg75

Freezing: Liquid to Solid The change of state from a liquid to a solid is called freezing. The temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid is the liquid’s freezing point. Freezing is the reverse process of melting. Thus, freezing and melting occur at the same temperature.

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Evaporation: Liquid to Gas Boiling & Evaporation

Boiling and Evaporation Evaporation (ee VAP uh RAY shuhn) is the change of a substance from a liquid to a gas. Boiling is the change of a liquid to a vapor, or gas, throughout the liquid.

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Condensation: Gas to Liquid Condensation is the change of state from a gas to a liquid.

Beads of water form when water vapor in the air contacts a cool surface, such as the wings of this dragonfly. Pg 77

Sublimation: Solid to Gas Sublimation is the change of state in which a solid changes directly into a gas. Dry ice is much colder than ice made from water.

Dry ice changes directly from a solid to a gas. This change of state is called sublimation. Pg 78

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