LATIN stands for… E nglish vocabulary can often be understood through Latin or Greek roots! X actly what the doctor ordered: Rx = Latin for “Take”—”Recipe!” C olleges are impressed by the study of Latin on an application! E nglish vocabulary and grammar both improve through study of Latin! L atin is the official language of the Roman Catholic Church! L atin salutatorians speak at Harvard and Princeton graduations! E very doctor and lawyer uses Latin, as do many other professionals! N ice to know before studying Romance languages-- Spanish, French, Italian! C hemical elements are named in Latin, and so are your bones! E TC. is just one of many Latin abbreviations we use all the time!

German stands for… O ver 100 million people speak German! P lay on winning teams in the business world! P owerful companies may hire you in the USA and Europe! O pera singers work there more than any other place in the world! R eally close connection between German and English words! T akes you to amazing places: Germany, Austria, Switzerland! U se it for study, for travel, and for finding a job! N o country more important than Germany for the future of the EURO! I ntro to other Germanic languages : Dutch, Swedish…even Yiddish! T ry to be different—student classes are small and tight-knit! Y ou can win scholarships & free trips from wealthy Germany!

GERMAN and LATIN are both fun to speak! studied by fewer students! useful when you are visiting great places: Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, France! bridges to studying many other languages more easily: the Germanic and Romance Languages! keys to better understanding of English! pathways to EXCELLENCE and OPPORTUNITY! Upper Dublin Senior Zach Pfeffer: he’s moving from the Pro-Soccer Team, The Philadelphia Union, to play… in Germany! CHS Junior Autumn Bartholetti won a free trip…to Germany! Harvard Senior Fanaye Yirga Addressing Guests in Latin

Latin Students Explore the Ancient City of Pompeii At the Franklin Institute Latin Students travel to Italy — Colosseum & Pantheon! Latin Students “T-shirt up” Trojan Horse-Play Mr DiGiulio Gives students a taste of the toga!

German Students relaxing at Yearly Grillfest German Students enjoy a Trip to see the entertaining Uwe Kind CHS German Students host the popular Charitable Event: Kakao und Kuchen Germany vs USA at the 2014 FIFA World Cup: But the coach and USA team members speak German! Suzi Birnbaum wins Gold Medal In Oral Proficiency at MCACTFL Conference 2014

The Economist Magazine, March, 2014: German study is superior to study of Spanish or French as a financial investment regarding employment: less competition from native speakers and greater business opportunities in looking for employment…

And just how are Latin and German both keys to the better understanding of English? English is basically a Germanic language— a close cousin of German! Latin busted its way into English later on and enriched it, expanded it, changed it forever! But how? English, Latin, and German all belong to a large language family— the Indo-European Language Family!

THE INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGE FAMILY CONTAINS LANGUAGES FOUND IN MANY PARTS OF THE WORLD— WESTERN AND EASTERN EUROPE, RUSSIA, INDIA, IRAN, TURKEY! WHERE DID IT ALL BEGIN?

LINGUISTS THINK THAT OUR INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGE FAMILY BEGAN THOUSANDS OF YEARS AGO WITH A PEOPLE LIVING NEAR THE BLACK SEA. AS THE PEOPLE SPREAD OUT IN SMALLER GROUPS, DIFFERENT LANGUAGES DEVELOPED, WHICH SHARED SIMILARITIES.

The Growth of the Indo-European Language Family

EVEN THOUGH GERMANIC AND LATIN LANGUAGE FAMILIES ARE SEPARATE BRANCHES ON THE SAME TREE,

ROMAN CONQUEST OF ENGLAND BROUGHT SOME LATIN INTO ENGLISH! The Roman conquest of England began in 42 ACE, but was never as stable as in other areas where Latin later developed into Spanish and French! By 122 ACE the Emperor Hadrian had to build a wall to defend Roman troops from the native rebels. A later conquest over England, however, created a more lasting influence of Latin on English—through French!

In 1066 came The Battle of Hastings: England was conquered by France! William the Conqueror crossed from Normandy northwest to Hastings, England!

AFTER THE FRENCH CONQUERED ENGLAND IN 1066, THE FRENCH REMAINED IN RULE FOR HUNDREDS OF YEARS-- THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE CHANGED DRASTICALLY. THE FACT THAT THE UPPER CLASS--THE RULING CLASS—SPOKE FRENCH INFUENCED THE LANGUAGE PEOPLE SPOKE IN THE COURT AND CULTURE, IN ENTERTAINMENT, IN BUSINESS, AND STUDY. OUR OLDEST, EASIEST, MOST COMMONLY USED ENGLISH WORDS ARE GERMANIC; THE LONGER AND MORE DIFFICULT WORDS USUALLY HAVE LATIN ORIGINS, MUCH OF THAT COMING FROM FRENCH INFLUENCE..

SO HERE IS ONE PICTURE OF OUR INDO-EUROPEAN FAMILY TREE--

Here is a slice of that language family tree that someone drew-- What do you think the P R I S E stands for?

I PLEDGE ALLEGIANCE TO THE FLAG OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND TO THE REPUBLIC FOR WHICH IT STANDS, ONE NATION, UNDER GOD, INDIVISIBLE, WITH LIBERTY AND JUSTICE FOR ALL! How many of those words are Germanic and how many have Latin roots? Which words are longer and more difficult? Which are repeated the most? Do you think the person who wrote the pledge was well-educated or not? How would you rephrase “I pledge allegiance to” in easier words? In the pledge of allegiance you see below, the red words have Latin “roots”, and the blue ones have German “roots”. Which are there more of—Latin or German?

SO GERMAN AND LATIN “ROOTS” BOTH PLAY AN IMPORTANT PART IN THE WORDS WE USE EVERY DAY. THE MOST COMMON (AND SIMPLEST) ENGLISH WORDS WE USE TEND TO BE CLOSELY RELATED TO MODERN GERMAN WORDS; THE MORE DIFFICULT ENGLISH WORDS OFTEN HAVE ROOTS IN LATIN. COMPARE THE WORDS BELOW! ENGLISH GERMANLATIN SUN SONNESOL MOON MONDLUNA HAND HAND MANUS

THE INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGE FAMILY IS REPRESENTED BELOW IN ROYAL BLUE—WHAT ARE SOME OF THE OTHER LANGUAGE FAMILIES IN THE WORLD?