5. November 2007 Technologie & Innovationsmanagement M. Fiedler/ I. Strohofer „The technical entrepreneur“ Chapter 9 Structure: 1, Context 2, Definition of an entrepreneur 3, the special traits of a technical entrepreneur 4, Markets & Technology 5, Summary & Further Reading

5. November 2007 Technologie & Innovationsmanagement M. Fiedler/ I. Strohofer Common sense?

5. November 2007 Technologie & Innovationsmanagement M. Fiedler/ I. Strohofer Make it big? Scientific management (Taylorism) Economies of scale Mass market Portifolio approach Examples In context

5. November 2007 Technologie & Innovationsmanagement M. Fiedler/ I. Strohofer The tide turned? Structural changes Growth of the service sector / decline in manufacturing Increased outsourcing, less vertical intergration. New Institutional arrangements External sources of knowledge Strategic alliances

5. November 2007 Technologie & Innovationsmanagement M. Fiedler/ I. Strohofer Origins of this change Flexible specialisation Networks Interest in Marshallian externalities Have large scale corporations adapted? In context

5. November 2007 Technologie & Innovationsmanagement M. Fiedler/ I. Strohofer 2, Definition of an entrepreneur Economic Psychological Behavioural -Pivotal person -Creating new products for the market -Initiating changes and transformations -Is risk taking -Middleman (idea & knowledge) -Individual based view / Personal traits -A need for achievement -A high internal focus of control -A willingness to take risks -A need for autonomy and independence -Critical Comment: Change of these factors -(traits –> Behaviour & impacts of the context) -Factors: Ethnicity, gender, background, culture and family structure -Reflecting different sources -Response to circumstances

5. November 2007 Technologie & Innovationsmanagement M. Fiedler/ I. Strohofer 3, the special traits of a technical entrepreneur Business: electronics, computers, services or biotechnology, medical equipment, pharmaceuticals. relay heavily on technology and the construction of new services and products  mostly connected to innovation. Definitions tend to emphasis the technical part of the entrepreneurship (Autio, 1995): 1, the founders have to be affiliated technology 2, the business idea is based on advanced technological knowledge 3, the company is independent 4, the company is entrepreneurial controlled and managed

5. November 2007 Technologie & Innovationsmanagement M. Fiedler/ I. Strohofer 4, the special traits of a technical entrepreneur Technical entrepreneur ResearchProducerUserOpportunist Jones- Evans (1995) said that there are different categories of technical entrepreneurs!

5. November 2007 Technologie & Innovationsmanagement M. Fiedler/ I. Strohofer 4, the special traits of a technical entrepreneur Further employment: universities or research laboratories scientific background Technical entrepreneur ResearchProducerUserOpportunist

5. November 2007 Technologie & Innovationsmanagement M. Fiedler/ I. Strohofer 4, the special traits of a technical entrepreneur Background is industrial: Worked usually in large industrial organisations strong technical background  strong mix of both: technical and managerial experiences Technical entrepreneur ResearchProducerUserOpportunist

5. November 2007 Technologie & Innovationsmanagement M. Fiedler/ I. Strohofer 4, the special traits of a technical entrepreneur demand side perspective background in marketing/ sales or product support  direct contact with consumers (requires & needs) Technical entrepreneur ResearchProducerUserOpportunist

5. November 2007 Technologie & Innovationsmanagement M. Fiedler/ I. Strohofer 4, the special traits of a technical entrepreneur Identifying technology based opportunities  little or even no technical background Incremental innovations: the opportunity recognition is more important than technical knowledge Technical entrepreneur ResearchProducerUserOpportunist

5. November 2007 Technologie & Innovationsmanagement M. Fiedler/ I. Strohofer 5, Markets & Technology Application Innovators Technology Innovators Paradigm Innovators Market Innovators Established Emerging Scientific breakthrough Novelty of market Novelty of technology …markets and technology are the crucial aspects of the entrepreneurial contexts

5. November 2007 Technologie & Innovationsmanagement M. Fiedler/ I. Strohofer 5, Markets & Technology Application Innovators Technology Innovators Paradigm Innovators Market Innovators Established Emerging Scientific breakthrough Novelty of market Novelty of technology …established technology in existing markets to produce complementary products

5. November 2007 Technologie & Innovationsmanagement M. Fiedler/ I. Strohofer 5, Markets & Technology Application Innovators Technology Innovators Paradigm Innovators Market Innovators Established Emerging Scientific breakthrough Novelty of market Novelty of technology …new products are sold in established markets. The innovation is a kind of combining and configuration

5. November 2007 Technologie & Innovationsmanagement M. Fiedler/ I. Strohofer 5, Markets & Technology Application Innovators Technology Innovators Paradigm Innovators Market Innovators Established Emerging Scientific breakthrough Novelty of market Novelty of technology …new technologies in well established markets like complementary products which enter the market asides existing products.

5. November 2007 Technologie & Innovationsmanagement M. Fiedler/ I. Strohofer 5, Markets & Technology Application Innovators Technology Innovators Paradigm Innovators Market Innovators Established Emerging Scientific breakthrough Novelty of market Novelty of technology … delivers a new product based on a new technology into a new and as yet undeveloped market.

5. November 2007 Technologie & Innovationsmanagement M. Fiedler/ I. Strohofer 6, Summary & Further Reading Multifarious ‚trait‘ theories of entrepreneurship. Technical entrepreneurs are industry specific Increased scope for spin offs Further reading: Christensen, C. M. (2002).Foundations for Growth.MIT Sloan Management Review, 43, 3, p The Economist (Oct, 13, 2007). Something new under the sun (Survey on innovation). The Economist