Prospectus Directives Paola Lucantoni Financial Market Law and Regulation

Prospectus directives prospectus Document to be published when securities are offered to the public or admitted to trading History Council Directives 80/390/EEC of 17 March 1980 coor-dinating the requirements for the drawing up, scrutiny and distribution of the listing particulars to be published for the admission of securities to official stock exchange listing Council Directives 89/298/EEC of 17 April 1989 coordi-nating the requirements for the drawing up, scrutiny and distribution of the prospectus to be published when transferable securities are offered to the public a partial and complex mutual recognition mechanism which is unable to achieve the objective of the single passport Directive 80/390/EEC was integrated into Directive 2001/34/EC on the admission of securi-ties to official stock exchange listing and on information to be published on those securities, which codifies several directives in the field of listed securities.

DIRECTIVE 2003/71/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 4 November 2003 Directive 2003/71/EC regroups the provisions of Directive 2001/34/EC which stem from Directive 80/390/EEC together with Directive 89/298/EEC and amends Directive 2001/34/EC.

Directive 2010/73 EU Amendments to Directive 2003/71 Ensure a more effective investor protection by introducing a summary in the prospectus, providing key investor information Other amendments mainly relate to technicalities

Aim of the regulation To constitute an instrument essential to the achievement of the internal market To facilitate the widest possible access to investment capital on a Community- wide basis, including for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and start-ups, by granting a single passport to the issuer.

Aim of the regulation To answer to the lack of an agreed definition of public offer of securities, with the result that the same operation is regarded as a private placement in some Member States and not in others To avoid discourages for the firms from raising capital on a Community- wide basis and therefore from having real access to a large, liquid and integrated financial market.

Aim of the regulation The aim of this Directive and its implementing measures is to ensure investors’ protection appropriate to take account of the different requirements for protection of the various categories of investors and their level of expertise. Disclosure provided by the prospectus is not required for offers limited to qualified investors. In contrast, any resale to the public or public trading through admission to trading on a regulated market requires the publication of a prospectus. and market efficiency, in accordance with high regulatory standards adopted in the relevant international fora.

Investors’ protection and and market efficiency The provision of full information concerning securities and issuers of those securities promotes together with rules on the conduct of business the protection of investors. Consequently such information provides an effective means of increasing confidence in securities and thus of contributing to the proper functioning and development of securities markets. The appropriate way to make this information available is to publish a prospectus.

Information Information needs to be sufficient and as objective as possible as regards the financial circumstances of the issuer and the rights attaching to the securities and should be provided in an easily analysable and comprehensible form. Harmonisation of the information contained in the prospectus should provide equivalent investor protection at Community level.

Summary It should be included in the prospectus a summary conveying the essential characteristics of, and risks associated with, the issuer, any guarantor and the securities. To ensure easy access to this information, the summary should be written in non-technical language and normally should not exceed 2500 words in the language in which the prospectus was originally drawn up.

Best practices adopted at international level in order to allow cross-border offers of equities to be made using a single set of disclosure standards established by the International Organisation of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) to cooperate in developing, implementing and promoting adherence to internationally recognised and consistent standards of regulation, oversight and enforcement in order to protect investors, maintain fair, efficient and transparent markets, and seek to address systemic risks; to enhance investor protection and promote investor confidence in the integrity of securities markets, through strengthened information exchange and cooperation in enforcement against misconduct and in supervision of markets and market intermediaries; And to exchange information at both global and regional levels on their respective experiences in order to assist the development of markets, strengthen market infrastructure and implement appropriate regulation. the IOSCO disclosure standards will upgrade information available for the markets and investors and at the same time will simplify the procedure for Com-munity issuers wishing to raise capital in third countries. The Directive also calls for tailored disclosure standards to be adopted for other types of securities and issuers.

Investment in securities - risks Investment in securities, like any other form of investment, involves risk. Safeguards for the protection of the interests of actual and potential investors are required in all Member States in order to enable them to make an informed assessment of such risks and thus to take investment decisions in full knowledge of the fact

Instruments The grant to the issuer of a single passport, valid throughout the Community, and the application of the country of origin principle require the identification of the home Member State as the one best placed to regulate the issuer for the purposes of this Directive.

The prospectus should be filed with the relevant compe-tent authority and be made available to the public by the issuer, the offeror or the person asking for admission to trading on a regulated market, subject to European Union provisions relating to data protection.

General principles the need to ensure confidence in financial markets among small investors and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) by promoting high standards of transparency in financial markets the need to provide investors with a wide range of competing investment opportunities and a level of disclosure and protection tailored to their circumstances

the need to encourage innovation in financial markets if they are to be dynamic and efficient,the need to ensure systemic stability of the financial system by close and reactive monitoring of financial innovation the importance of reducing the cost of, and increasing access to, capital the need to balance, on a long-term basis, the costs and benefits to market participants (including SMEs and small investors) of any implementing measures the need to foster the international competitiveness of the Community's financial markets without prejudice to a much- needed extension of international cooperation

the need to achieve a level playing field for all market participants by establishing Community legis- lation every time it is appropriate the need to respect differences in national financial markets where these do not unduly impinge on the coherence of the single market the need to ensure coherence with other Community legislation in this area, as imbalances in information and a lack of transparency may jeopardise the opera tion of the markets and above all harm consumers and small investors

Article 1 Purpose and scope The purpose of this Directive is to harmonise requirements for the drawing up, approval and distribution of the prospectus to be published when securities are offered to the public or admitted to trading on a regulated market situated or operating within a Member State. This Directive shall not apply to: (a) units issued by collective investment undertakings other than the closed- end type; (b) non-equity securities issued by a Member State or by one of a Member State's regional or local authorities, by public international bodies of which one or more Member States are members, by the European Central Bank or by the central banks of the Member States; (c) shares in the capital of central banks of the Member States;

(d) securities unconditionally and irrevocably guaranteed by a Member State or by one of a Member State's regional or local authorities; (e) securities issued by associations with legal status or non- profit-making bodies, recognised by a Member State, with a view to their obtaining the means necessary to achieve their non-profit-making objectives; (f) non-equity securities issued in a continuous or repeated manner by credit institutions provided that these securities: (i) are not subordinated, convertible or exchangeable; (ii) do not give a right to subscribe to or acquire other types of securities and that they are not linked to a derivative instrument; (iii) materialise reception of repayable deposits; (iv) are covered by a deposit guarantee scheme under Directive 94/19/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on deposit-guarantee schemes (1);

Article 3 Obligation to publish a prospectus 1. Member States shall not allow any offer of securities to be made to the public within their territories without prior publi- cation of a prospectus. 2.The obligation to publish a prospectus shall not apply to the following types of offer: (a) an offer of securities addressed solely to qualified investors; and/or (b) an offer of securities addressed to fewer than 100 natural or legal persons per Member State, other than qualified investors; and/or (c) an offer of securities addressed to investors who acquire securities for a total consideration of at least EUR per investor, for each separate offer; and/or (d) an offer of securities whose denomination per unit amounts to at least EUR ; and/or (e) an offer of securities with a total consideration of less than EUR , which limit shall be calculated over a period of 12 months.

However, any subsequent resale of securities which were previously the subject of one or more of the types of offer mentioned in this paragraph shall be regarded as a separate offer and the definition set out in Article 2(1)(d) shall apply for the purpose of deciding whether that resale is an offer of secu- rities to the public. The placement of securities through financial intermediaries shall be subject to publication of a prospectus if none of the conditions (a) to (e) are met for the final placement.

Article 5 The prospectus 1. the prospectus shall contain all information which, according to the particular nature of the issuer and of the securities offered to the public or admitted to trading on a regulated market, is necessary to enable investors to make an informed assessment of the assets and liabilities, financial position, profit and losses, and prospects of the issuer and of any guarantor, and of the rights attaching to such securities. This information shall be presented in an easily analysable and comprehensible form.

Article 6 Responsibility attaching to the prospectus Member States shall ensure that responsibility for the information given in a prospectus attaches at least to the issuer or its administrative, management or supervisory bodies, the offeror, the person asking for the admission to trading on a regulated market or the guarantor, as the case may be. The persons responsible shall be clearly identified in the prospectus by their names and functions or, in the case of legal persons, their names and registered offices, as well as declarations by them that, to the best of their knowledge, the information contained in the prospectus is in accordance with the facts and that the prospectus makes no omission likely to affect its import.

Article 13 Approval of the prospectus No prospectus shall be published until it has been approved by the competent authority of the home Member State. This competent authority shall notify the issuer, the offeror or the person asking for admission to trading on a regu- lated market, as the case may be, of its decision regarding the approval of the prospectus within 10 working days of the submission of the draft prospectus.If the competent authority fails to give a decision on the prospectus within the time limits laid down in this paragraph and paragraph 3, this shall not be deemed to constitute approval of the application.

The time limit referred to in paragraph 2 shall be extended to 20 working days if the public offer involves securi- ties issued by an issuer which does not have any securities admitted to trading on a regulated market and who has not previously offered securities to the public. If the competent authority finds, on reasonable grounds, that the documents submitted to it are incomplete or that supplementary information is needed, the time limits referred to in paragraphs 2 and 3 shall apply only from the date on which such information is provided by the issuer, the offeror or the person asking for admission to trading on a regulated market.In the case referred to in paragraph 2 the competent authority should notify the issuer if the documents are incomplete within 10 working days of the submission of the application.

Article 14 Publication of the prospectus Once approved, the prospectus shall be filed with the competent authority of the home Member State and shall be made available to the public by the issuer, offeror or person asking for admission to trading on a regulated market as soon as practicable and in any case, at a reasonable time in advance of, and at the latest at the beginning of, the offer to the public or the admission to trading of the securities involved. In addi- tion, in the case of an initial public offer of a class of shares not already admitted to trading on a regulated market that is to be admitted to trading for the first time, the prospectus shall be available at least six working days before the end of the offer