1 Bellringer 11/16 Translate these positive commands. 1) Go to school. 2) Drink water. 3) Eat lunch. 4) Go out with your friends. 5) Read a book. 6) Study every day. 1

2 Review of Positive Commands Steps: 1) 2) Irregulars: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 2

Informal (tú) negative commands are used: When we want to tell a friend not to do something – To state the don’ts of most verbs, switch the –as ending to –es and the –es endings to –as STATEMENTCOMMAND *(tú) fumas ¡No fumes! Don’t smoke! *(tú) corres¡No corras! Don’t run! *(tú) duermes¡No duermas! Don’t sleep!

4 Steps for - commands: 1) Go to the yo form 2) Chop the ‘o’ 3) If it’s an AR verb, add ‘es’; If it’s an ER or IR verb, add ‘as’ 18

5 Examples: Don’t talk. (hablar-->AR) –1. hablo –2. habl –3. no hables Don’t drink. (beber-->ER) –1. bebo –2. beb –3. no bebas Don’t write. (escribir-->IR) –1. escribo –2. escrib –3. no escribas Don’t sleep. (dormir-->IR AND o-->ue) –1. duermo –2. duerm –3. no duermas Don’t serve. (servir-->IR AND e-->ie) –1. sirvo –2. sirv –3. no sirvas 3

Don’t buy pizza!... - Verb: comprar - Put comprar in the tú form= compras - Change the –as to –es= compres ¡No compres la pizza! Let’s work on negative commands…

Don’t open the door!... - Verb: abrir - Put abrir in the tú form= abres - Change the –es to –as= abras ¡No abras la puerta! Let’s work on negative commands…

Don’t drink soda!... - Verb: beber - Put beber in the tú form= bebes - Change the –es to –as= bebas ¡No bebas los refrescos! Let’s work on negative commands…

9 There are 5 irregular negative informal commands: dar--> no des (don’t give) estar--> no estés (don’t be) ir--> no vayas (don’t go) saber--> no sepas (don’t know) ser--> no seas (don’t be) 19

Verbs with spelling changes: There are several verbs that change spelling when made into negative commands to keep their sound… 1. Verbs ending in –gar like: Jugar- ¡No juegues! - g changes to gu to keep the hard g sound 2. Verbs ending in –car like: Practicar - ¡No practiques! - c changes to qu to keep the hard k sound 3. Verbs ending in –zar like Empezar- ¡No empieces! - z changes to c to keep the z sound

These next verbs have spell changes… – Either g changes to gue OR c changes to a que Don’t play in the house! - Verb jugar- in tú form = juegas - Change –as to –es and remember spelling change!= juegues Don’t play in the house! (jugar) ¡No juegues en la casa! Let’s work on negative commands…

Don’t arrive late! (llegar) ¡No llegues tarde! Don’t touch the piano! - Verb tocar in tú form = tocas -Change –as to –es and remember the spelling change!= toques ¡No toques el piano! Let’s work on negative commands…

Eat more fruit! ¡Come más frutas! Sleep 8 hours a day! ¡Duerme ocho horas al día! Te toca a ti…

Don’t run in the house! ¡No corras en casa! Don’t open the book! ¡No abras el libro! Te toca a ti…

15 Direct Object Pronouns A direct object is a person or thing that receives the direct action of the verb. I eat the tamales. Yo como los tamales. Óscar kisses his wife. Óscar besa a su esposa.

16 A direct object answers what or whom: Identifying a direct object SUBJECT + VERB + WHAT (WHOM) Yocomo DIRECT OBJECT los tamales. Óscarbesasu esposa.a

17 Pronouns are little words that take the place of the object itself, so that the object does not have to be repeated... Did you buy the piano ? Yes, I bought the piano. Did you pay a lot for the piano ? Well, the piano wasn’t cheap. Can you play the piano ? Yes, and my brother plays the piano too.

18 the piano Notice how many times “the piano” was repeated???

19 A better, more concise way is to use pronouns instead of repeating the noun over and over. Did you buy the piano ? Yes, I bought it. Did you pay a lot for? it Well,wasn’t cheap. it Can you play? it Yes, and my brother playstoo. it

20 Direct object pronouns in Spanish, just as in English, take the place of the direct object itself, so that the direct object does not have to be repeated, and repeated, and repeated... ¿Compraste el piano ? Sí, lo compré. ¿Puedes tocar? lo Sí, y mi hermanosabe tocar también. lo

21 Here are the direct object pronouns: me te nos os for people These are used exclusively ***These are almost all the same as your DEFINITE ARTICLES (el, la, los, las). The only one different is the singular masculine “lo.” Don’t get “el” and “lo” mixed up. lo, lalos, las These are used for people and things him, it her, itthem