Le sindromi mielodisplastiche (MDS)

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Le sindromi mielodisplastiche (MDS)

MDS Definizione Gruppo di disordini clonali della cellula staminale midollare, caratterizzati da ipercellularità midollare, citopenie periferiche e anomalie cellulari funzionali Eterogeneità: storia naturale altamente variabile Eccetto che nei casi di guarigione (trapianto allogenico): morte per insufficienza midollare, con o senza evoluzione in AML Kurzrock R. Semin Hematol 2002. Jul;39(3 Suppl 2):18-25. Hamblin TJ. Epidemiology of MDS. In: Bennett JM (ed). MDS: Pathobiology and Clinical Management. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc.; 2002. http:// www.hmds.org.uk/mds.html

MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME Multi-stage Molecular Model of Pathogenesis STAGE 1 increased apoptosis and inflammation in bone marrow environment STAGE 2 acquisition of apoptotic resistance and increased sensitivity to DNA damage STAGE 3 clonal evolution and AML IMPAIRED LEUKEMIA HEMATOPOIESIS TRANSFORMATION

EPIDEMIOLOGIA

1500 – 2500 nuovi casi/ anno in Italia

STORIA NATURALE

DIAGNOSI di MDS Essenzialmente: MORFOLOGICA Frequentemente: OCCASIONALE Elemento comune : ANEMIA Da ricercare : DISPLASIA

DIAGNOSI DI MIELODISPLASIA: Emocromo Storia clinica Morfologia microscopica Mieloaspirato: morfologia citogenetica citofluorimetria Mielobiopsia

ANISOCITOSI - ANISOCROMIA ANOMALIE DI POSIZIONE DELLE CELLULE GLI ELEMENTI PIU’ IMMEDIATI DA RICERCARE IN UN EMOCROMO PER “SOSPETTA” MIELODISPLASIA SONO: MACROCITOSI ANISOCITOSI - ANISOCROMIA ANOMALIE DI POSIZIONE DELLE CELLULE

Possibility of Myelodysplastic Syndromes Screening Using a Complete Automated Blood Cell Count Vincenzo Rocco1, Mariacaterina Maconi2, Maria Gioia3, Maria Grazia Silvestri4, Donatella Tanca5, Teodora Catalano1, Daniela Avino6, Anna Di Palma6, Adele Rovetti6, Paolo Danise6 1 Department of Clinical Pathology, A.O. Rummo, Benevento,Italy 2 Department of Clinical Pathology, ASL Alessandria, Tortona, AL, Italy 3 Department of Clinical Pathology, A.O. “Vincenzo Cervello”, Palermo, Italy 4Department of Laboratori Medicine, A.O. Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy 5 Department of Laboratory Hematology, ASL 4 Chiaverese, Lavagna, GE, Italy 6 Department of Oncology Hematology, ASL Salerno 1, Salerno, Italy

828 campioni di 244 pazienti con diagnosi di MDS primitiva Sottotipi MDS n. Falsi Negativi AR 78 51 (65,3%) ARSA 123 8 (6,5%) RCMD 127 13 (10,2%) RCMD-RS 44 3 (6,8%) AREB 1 e 2 201 16 (7,9%) Sindrome 5q- 21 18 (85,7%) MDS-U 84 7 (8,3%) CMML 150 24 (16%) Veri Positivi = 83% I 828 campioni di 244 pazienti con diagnosi di MDS potevano essere divisi, sulla scorta dei criteri WHO 2008, in 78 AR, 123 ARSA, 127 RCMD, 44 RCMD-RS, 201 AREB I e II, 21 Sindrome 5q-, 84 MDS-U e 150 CMML. L’allarme “displasia” è risultato positivo nel 83% dei casi. I 140 campioni che hanno dato un risultato falso negativo possono essere suddivisi in rapporto ai vari sottotipi di MDS come riportato in tabella. In merito ai falsi negativi è da notare l’elevata percentuale nelle MDS classificate come AR e Sindrome 5q- relativa alle assenti alterazioni displasiche dei neutrofili rilevate nel sangue periferico. 16

FINELLI 2008

FINELLI 2008

FINELLI 2008

Why classify? Classification is the language of medicine: diseases must be described, defined and named before they can be diagnosed, treated and studied