Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks Most Chemical Sedimentary Rocks have a significant biological component, making a sharp distinction impractical.

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Presentation transcript:

Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks Most Chemical Sedimentary Rocks have a significant biological component, making a sharp distinction impractical

Chemical Sediments Evaporites -Water Soluble Halite Gypsum Calcite Precipitates Example: Ca(sol'n) + SO 4 (Sol'n) = CaSO 4 Gypsum Limestone Iron Formations Alteration After Deposition Dolomite Biogenic Sediments Limestone - Shells, Reefs, Etc. Organic Remains Coal Petroleum

Fossil Fuels

Coal Seams, Utah

Coal Delta, continental environments Carbonized Woody Material Often fossilized trees, leaves present

Plant Fragments Are Often Visible in Coal

Petroleum A hydrocarbon molecule What organisms make these? Answer: None

Petroleum Lots of organisms make these, however Fatty Acids Probable source: Marine plankton

Petroleum Traps

Methane Hydrate

Gas Hydrates Hydrocarbons trapped in cage of water molecules Freeze above 0 C under moderate pressure Solid gas hydrates occur in marine sediments (“yellow ice”) Potentially huge energy resource Possible role in climate change?