New England: Commerce and Religion

Many settlers in the New England colonies – Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode Island – made a living from the sea. The majority of New Englanders, however, were farmers.

By the 1700s, the colonies formed three distinct regions: the New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies. Another area was the Backcountry, which ran along the Appalachian Mountains to the far western part of the other regions.

Territories in the Americas colonized or claimed by a European great power in 1750.

Factors such as climate, resources, and people made each colonial region distinct.

New England: New England had long winters and rocky soil. English settlers made up the largest group in this region’s population.

The Middle Colonies: The Middle Colonies had shorter winters and fertile soil. The region attracted immigrants from all over Europe.

The Southern Colonies: The Southern Colonies had a warm climate and good soil. There, some settlers used enslaved Africans to work their plantations.

The Backcountry: The Backcountry’s climate and resources varied, depending on the latitude. Many Scots-Irish immigrants settled there.

New England Middle Colonies Backcountry Southern Colonies

Most New England farmers lived near town and practiced subsistence farming, that is they produced just enough food for themselves, and sometimes a little extra for trading.

Coastal New England cities like Boston, Salem, New Haven, and Newport grew rich as a result of shipbuilding, fishing, and trade.

New England settlers engaged in three types of trade: trade with other colonies, direct trade with Europe, and triangular trade.

QUICK CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

______ like Boston, Salem, New Haven, and Newport grew rich as a result of______ . 1) Southern costal cities - shipbuilding, fishing, and trade 2) Farming communities - slavery, tobacco, and rum 3) Coastal New England cities - shipbuilding, fishing, and trade 4) Coastal New England cities - slavery, tobacco, and triangular trade.

Factors such as ______ made each colonial region distinct. 1) climate, resources, and people 2) socioeconomic status and birthright 3) socioeconomic status, religion, and country of origin 4) climate, socioeconomic status, and occupation

Most New England farmers lived near town and practiced______ . 3) slave trading 4) manufacturing 1) subsistence farming 2) fishing

New England settlers engaged in all of these types of trade except: 1) trade with other colonies 2) slave trade 3) direct trade with Europe 4) triangular trade

Which distinct East Coast region ran along the Appalachian Mountains to the far western part of the other regions? 1) The Backcountry 2) New England 3) The Southern Colonies 4) The Middle Colonies

Triangular trade was the name given to a trading route with three stops.

The Navigation Acts of 1651, were designed to ensure that England made money from its colony’s trade.

Provisions of the Navigation Acts: All shipping had to be done in English ships or ships made in the English colonies. Products such as tobacco, wood, and sugar could be sold only to England or its colonies. European imports to the colonies had to pass through English ports. English officials were to tax any colonial goods not shipped to England.

The Navigation Acts failed to keep smugglers and pirates like the infamous Blackbeard from interfering with colonial shipping.

Edward Teach c. 1660 - November 22, 1718 AKA Blackbeard (18th century lithograph)

Bartholomew “Black Bart” Roberts (1682-1722) at Ouidah with his ship and captured merchantmen in the background.

The Jolly Roger is the name now given to any of various flags flown to identify the user as a pirate. The most famous Jolly Roger today is the Skull and Crossbones, a skull over two long bones set in an X arrangement on a black field. Historically, the flag was flown to induce pirates' victims to surrender readily.

New England had few slaves because slavery was impractical in this region. Of the few slaves there were, some were able to buy their freedom. Because of this, New England was home to more free blacks and any other region.

In New England, the Puritan church weakened considerably in the early 1700s.

QUICK CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

Which was not a provision of the Navigation Acts of 1651? 1) All non-English citizens had to pay stamp tax. 2) English officials were to tax any colonial goods not shipped to England. 3) All shipping had to be done in English ships. 4) Products such as tobacco, wood, and sugar could be sold only to England or its colonies.

New England had few slaves because slavery was ______ in this region. 3) expensive 4) impractical 1) considered immoral 2) against Puritan religion

______ was the name given to a trading route with three stops. 1) Triple trade 2) Triangular trade 3) Pyramidal trade 4) The slave trade

In New England, the ______ church weakened considerably in the early 1700s. 4) Puritan 3) Church of England 1) Quaker 2) Baptist

The ______ of 1651, were designed to ensure that England made money from its colony’s trade. 3) Free-Trade Agreement. 4) Alliance of Sailors 1) Navigation Acts 2) Intolerable Acts