House Senate Reason(s) [Examples Below] 435 members; 2 yr terms 100 members; 6 yr terms Low turnover Moderate turnover Speaker bill referral hard to challenge Referral decisions easily challenged Scheduling/rules controlled by majority party; powerful Rules Committee Scheduling/rules agreed to by majority & minority leaders Debate limited to 1 hour Unlimited debate unless cloture invoked Members policy specialists Members policy generalists Emphasizes tax & revenue policy Emphasizes foreign policy More formal & impersonal More informal & personal House closer to the people with representation based on population and 2 yr terms Senate smaller, more deliberative Incumbents win re-election over 90% of the time in the House Senate races are state-wide and more competitive Difficult for individual members to challenge the Speaker of the House; members limited by strict rules Members of the Senate more independent operators House - majority party tightly controls Leadership and Rules with little minority party Senate – much more cooperation between parties Impractical with 435 members to have unlimited debate in the House; nothing would get done Senate has only 100 members; more time House – in order to get re-elected, members most become experts in policies that directly effect their districts; must serve on those committees Senators represent diverse interest of an entire state All tax and revenue bills must originate in the House; much of public policy decisions in HR involve the budget Senate “advice and consent” of ambassadors, cabinet; ratify House much bigger, need strict rules to be efficient; members 1 of 435 Senate smaller, more collegial; members 1 of only 100 House

House of Representatives Also Has Other Unique Powers… A.) Initiate Revenue Bills – raising taxes. Why? B.) Choose the President in the event the electoral college is deadlocked. C.) Impeachment – voted on by the House.

The Senate Also Has Other Unique Powers. Ratify Treaties. Confirmation of judicial or executive appointments. Impeachment trial – removing a figure from office. The Senate voted 71 to 26 to ratify the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, a nuclear disarmament agreement with Russia signed by President Obama and President Dmitry Medvedev. Thirteen Republicans joined 58 Democrats to help the measure easily pass the two-thirds majority needed for ratification.

ANSWER THE AIM HOW DOES THE HOUSE AND SENATE DIFFER?

WHY HAS THE HOUSE AND SENATE BEEN REFERRED TO AS THE CUP AND SAUCER? Who is the cup? WHO IS THE SAUCER?

Why are they referred to in this manner?

Remember the 17 th Amendment. Direct Election 0f Senators.

Why was a BICAMERAL Legislature established?