· 1 CORPORATE FINANCIAL REPORTING 13 – Financial Reporting of Investments (revisited) Long-Lived Assets

Financial Reporting of Investments 2 I NVESTMENT I N T HE S TOCK O F A NOTHER C OMPANY Reporting investments is a continuum based on some measure of influence over the investee: We can own: 1 share 50% 100% of shares passive investor active investor market equity consolidated value method financial statements

T HE E QUITY M ETHOD The “theory”. 3 Investments

T HE E QUITY M ETHOD On Jan. 2, 2011, Co. A acquires 25% of Co. B’s stock from B’s stockholders for $28,000 cash. Assume the following is A’s balance sheet Assume the following values for B’s assets/liabilities before acquiring B’s assets/liabilities: Book Value Market Value cash $ 200,000cash $ 1,000 $ 1,000 acct. rec. 300,000acct. rec. 8,000 8,000 inventory 500,000inventory 12,000 15,000 PPE 900,000PPE 110,000 90,000 accum. deprec (300,000)accum. deprec (30,000) patent 1,000 patent 1,000 0 trademark 3,000trademark - 2,000 $1,604,000 $102,000 $116,000 liabilities 100,000liabilities 10,000 $ 10,000 com. stock 300,000com. stock 30,000 APIC 350,000APIC 35,000 ret. earnings 854,000ret. earnings 27,000 $1,604,000 $102,000 4 Investments

T HE E QUITY M ETHOD What would appear in Co. A’s financial statements? Then Co. A’s accountant would ask “Why did we pay so much?” 5 Investments

T HE E QUITY M ETHOD A’s balance sheet after acquiring B’s stock: cash $ 172,000 acct. rec. 300,000 inventory 500,000 PPE 900,000 accum. deprec (300,000) Invest. in Co. B 28,000 patent 1,000 trademark 3,000 trade secret - $1,604,000 liabilities 100,000 com. stock 300,000 APIC 350,000 ret. earnings 854,000 $1,604,000 6 Investments

T HE E QUITY M ETHOD A’s balance sheet after acquiring B’s stock: cash $ 172,000 acct. rec. 300,000 inventory 500,00025% of B’s OE 23,000 PPE 900,000trademark 500 accum. deprec (300,000)patent ( 250) Invest. in Co. B 28,000PPE 2,500 patent 1,000inventory 750 trademark 3,000 goodwill 1,500 trade secret - 28,000 $1,604,000 liabilities 100,000 com. stock 300,000 APIC 350,000 ret. earnings 854,000 $1,604,000 7 Investments

T HE E QUITY M ETHOD On 12/31/2011, Co. B reports $6,000 of net income and pays $1,500 in dividends. What journal entries will Co. A make? To answer this we need think about the Investment in Co. B account the way an accountant does. 8 Investments

T WO C OMMON W AYS T O O BTAIN C ONTROL Company A wants to expand – two common ways of doing that are: (1) buying Company B’s assets and assuming its liabilities and (2) buying enough stock in Company B (in the U.S. > 50% ownership). 9 Investments

E QUITY I NVESTMENTS ACCOUNTING METHOD TO USE: ACTIVE INVESTMENT Equity method control (in US) Consolidate 50% 100% of stock || 10 Investments

B UY B ’S A SSETS/ L IABILITIES 1. If Co. A buys Co. B’s assets and liabilities, this is what happens: Owners of A Owners of B Co. A Co. B assets/liabilities 11 Investments

B UY B ’S A SSETS/ L IABILITIES 1. Afterwards, this is what we have: Owners of A Owners of B Co. A Co. B lots of lots of assets liabilities 12 Investments

B UYING C O. B ’s S TOCK – A Consolidation Example Co. A pays $135,000 to Co. B’s owners to buy 90% of Co. B’s stock; the fair value of the remaining 10% of Co. B’s stock is $12,000. Assume the following is A’s balance sheet Assume the following values for B’s assets/liabilities before acquiring B’s stock: Book Value Market Value cash $ 200,000cash $ 1,000 $ 1,000 acct. rec. 300,000acct. rec. 8,000 8,000 inventory 500,000inventory 12,000 15,000 PPE 900,000PPE 110,000 90,000 accum. deprec (300,000)accum. deprec (30,000) patent 2,000 patent 1,000 0 trademark 3,000trademark - 2,000 $1,605,000 $102,000 $116,000 liabilities 100,000liabilities 10,000 $ 10,000 com. stock 300,000com. stock 30,000 APIC 350,000APIC 35,000 ret. earnings 855,000ret. earnings 27,000 $1,605,000 $102, Consolidated Financial Statements

B UYING C O. B ’s S TOCK – A Consolidation Example This is what happened: Owners of A Owners of B $135,000 90% Co. Co. A B stock Co. B What will Co. A’s journal entry look like? 14 Consolidated Financial Statements

B UYING C O. B ’s S TOCK – A Consolidation Example This is “after”: Owners of A Owners of B 10% owners Co. A 90% owner Co. B 15 Consolidated Financial Statements

B UYING C O. B ’s S TOCK – A Consolidation Example A’s balance sheet after the transaction: cash $ 65,000 liabilities 100,000 acct. rec. 300,000 inventory 500,000 com. stock 300,000 Invest. in B stock 135,000 APIC 350,000 PPE 900,000 ret. earnings 855,000 accum. deprec (300,000) $1,605,000 patent 2,000 trademark 3,000 $1,605, Consolidated Financial Statements

B UYING C O. B ’s S TOCK – A Consolidation Example B’s balance sheet after the transaction: cash $ 1,000 acct. rec. 8,000 inventory 12,000 PPE 110,000 accum. deprec (30,000) patent 1,000 trademark - $102,000 liabilities 10,000 com. stock 30,000 APIC 35,000 ret. earnings 27,000 $102, Consolidated Financial Statements

B UYING C O. B ’s S TOCK – A Consolidation Example Then A’s accountant asks a similar question: “Why is Co. B valued so highly?” The answer lies in a previous slide and our previous thought process, but with a modification. 18 Consolidated Financial Statements

B UYING C O. B ’s S TOCK – A Consolidation Example FASB (and International Accounting Standards) says that if one company controls another company the controlling company needs to do something more than use the equity method. 19 Consolidated Financial Statements

B UYING C O. B ’s S TOCK – A Consolidation Example What we have: Owners of A F/S Co. A “Old” Owners of B 90% 10% F/S Co. B 20 Consolidated Financial Statements

B UYING C O. B ’s S TOCK – A Consolidation Example What FASB also wants: Owners of A F/S Co. A consolidated F/S F/S Co. B 21 Consolidated Financial Statements

B UYING C O. B ’s S TOCK – A Consolidation Example What appears in the consolidated balance sheet are the assets and liabilities that Co. A controls, directly and indirectly (which would include Co. B’s assets and liabilities). 22 Consolidated Financial Statements

B UYING C O. B ’s S TOCK – A Consolidation Example And the key is - the Investment in B Stock account on Co. A’s balance sheet really represents control of Co. B’s assets and liabilities 23 Consolidated Financial Statements

B UYING C O. B ’s S TOCK – A Consolidation Example A’s balance sheet after the transaction: cash $ 65,000 liabilities 100,000 acct. rec. 300,000 com. stock 300,000 inventory 500,000 APIC 350,000 Invest. in B stock 135,000 ret. earnings 855,000 PPE 900,000 $1,605,000 accum. deprec (300,000) cash 1,000 patent 2,000 acct. rec. 8,000 trademark 3,000 inventory 15,000 PPE 90,000 $1,605,000 patent 0 trademark 2,000 goodwill 41,000 liabilities (10,000) 24

B UYING C O. B ’s S TOCK – A Consolidation Example So, Co. A’s consolidated balance sheet “substitutes” the assets and liabilities Co. A controls when it bought Co. B’s stock. 25 Consolidated Financial Statements

B UYING C O. B ’s S TOCK – A Consolidated Balance S heet A’s consolidated Balance Sheet: cash$ 66,000liabilities 110,000 acct. rec. 308,000 inventory 515,000 Invest. in B stock -com. stock 300,000 PPE 990,000APIC 350,000 accum. deprec. (300,000) ret. earnings 855,000 patent 2,000$1,615,000 trademark 5,000 goodwill 41,000 $1,627, Consolidated Financial Statements

B UYING C O. B ’s S TOCK – A Consolidated Balance S heet A’s consolidated Balance Sheet: cash$ 66,000liabilities 110,000 acct. rec. 308,000 inventory 515,000 Invest. in B stock -com. stock 300,000 PPE 990,000APIC 350,000 accum. deprec. (300,000) ret. earnings 855,000 patent 2,000$1,615,000 trademark 5,000 WHAT?? goodwill 41,000 $1,627, Consolidated Financial Statements

B UYING C O. B ’s S TOCK – A Consolidated Balance S heet A’s consolidated Balance Sheet: cash$ 66,000liabilities 110,000 acct. rec. 308,000 inventory 515,000N.C.I. * 12,000 Invest. in B stock -com. stock 300,000 PPE 990,000APIC 350,000 accum. deprec. (300,000) ret. earnings 855,000 patent 2,000$1,627,000 trademark 5,000 WHEW! goodwill 41,000 $1,627,000 * NONCONTROLLING INTEREST IN NET ASSETS OF SUBSIDIARY 28 Consolidated Financial Statements

B UYING C O. B ’s S TOCK – A Consolidated Income Statement One year later, these were the income statements for A and B: A B Sales revenue$200,000$70,000 COGS( 80,000)( 36,000) Deprec. exp.( 45,000)( 5,500) Pat. amort. exp.( 400)( 200) Other exp.( 14,600)( 7,800) Net income$ 60,000$20,500 and B paid $10,000 in cash dividends. What entries would A’s accountant make (assuming A uses the equity method)? 29 Consolidated Financial Statements

B UYING C O. B ’s S TOCK – A Consolidated Income Statement A’s income statement that it would issue to the public (IF it issued a non-consolidated income statement): Sales revenue$200,000 COGS ( 80,000) Deprec. exp. ( 45,000) Pat. amort. exp. ( 400) Other expenses ( 14,600) Equity income 15,030 Net income$ 75, Consolidated Financial Statements

B UYING C O. B ’s S TOCK – A Consolidated Income Statement What would appear in A’s consolidated Income Statement: Sales revenue$270,000 COGS(119,000) Deprec. exp.( 51,500) Pat. amort. exp. ( 400) Other exp.( 22,400) Equity income -- Consol. net income$ 76,700 Net income to N.C.I( 1,670) Net income to Co. A $ 75, Consolidated Financial Statements

B UYING C O. B ’s S TOCK – An Example Co. A’s accountant also must prepare a consolidated owners’ equity statement and a consol- idated cash flow statement. 32 Consolidated Financial Statements

Q UESTIONS ? 33 Consolidated Financial Statements