Clean Air Project: Team Big Green SpaceGasm Final Presentation Hillary Beltran, Edward Crawford, Nicole Harris, Edward Lowe, Emily Proano, and Kevin Wong December 2, 2010

Mission Overview  Mission objective: Take measurements of the concentrations of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and methane gases  Purpose of Mission: The team’s interest in the quality of air and changes that were recently experienced over the past few years  Hypothesis: Concentrations have increased during the course of the year 2

Design Overview  Three Sensors: CO, CO2, and Methane  Arduino and MicroSD Shield  Required Components  Camera, Hobo, Heater, and Batteries 3

Functional Block Diagram 4

Results and Analysis  microSD memory card failed to store data due to a simple error in code  Unable to compare predicted to actual data  Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment  Does not provide data on carbon dioxide and methane gases as initially expected  Team did not closely study what the department did or did not provide  Data provided for carbon monoxide is not significant  Online archived data dates to March

Results and Analysis  Team able to show expected increase in at least one gas: carbon dioxide  Shortfall: Readings taken from Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii 6

Results and Analysis  HOBO temperature data: 7

Images from Camera 8

Flight Overview  Sensors were functional but could not store data on microSD memory card  Camera took images but memory card filled about halfway through the flight  HOBO successful took and stored internal and external temperatures and relative humidity  Heater system function (minimum internal temperature: -2.90°C)  Structure suffered minimal damages 9

Failure Analysis  Not structural error  The structural suffered minimal damages  Internal components suffered no damages  Not electrical error  All the connections were present  Failure rooted in software 10

/* Big Green SpaceGasm Java Code to be uploaded to Arduino */ //Add the SdFat Libraries #include //Create the variables to be used by SdFat Library Sd2Card card; SdVolume volume; SdFile root; SdFile file; char name[] = "BGSGfinaldata1.txt"; //Create an array that contains the name of our file. char contents[256]; //This will be a data buffer for writing contents to the file. char in_char=0; int index=0; //Index will keep track of our position within the contents buffer. String inin; int sensorValueCO = 0; int sensorValueCH = 0; int sensorValueCO2 = 0; String CO; String CH; String CO2;.... char name[] = "BGSGfinaldata1.txt"; Final Code Used on Launch Day char name[] = "test1.txt"; Correct Code That Will Be Used Next Launch =BAD

Conclusion  Data from external sources remain inconclusive  However, learned much from our failures  Now able to store the data that was recorded during flight  Find more reliable external source with which to compare our data  Re-flight in April 2011 highly anticipated and will yield conclusive data 12

Appendix 13

Lessons Learned  Carbon dioxide sensor short circuited due to too high of voltage/current  Camera should take images over longer time intervals  Conduct more system tests, namely for sensors and software  Ensure sensors taking data  Data being stored on microSD card and is retrievable 14

Flight Readiness  Source of error has been traced to the code  Error was repeated with various tests done to affirm the source of error lay with code  Code rewritten and error solved  Structure does not need to be mended  For re-flight, new batteries with Velcro and a new CO 2 sensor will be needed  Must be stored in dry, cool area 15

Requirements Flow Down: Level 0 16 NumberDerivationDescriptionCompliance 1 M.S. Payload must ascend to an altitude of approximately 30.5 kilometers with a balloon provided by the Edge of Space Sciences Payload reached an altitude of approximately 30.3 kilometers 2 M.S. Payload must collect and store science data related to the mission objective (Please see failure analysis) 3 M.S. The payload must carry an active heater system, keeping the internal temperature of the payload above -10°C (Please HOBO data) 4 M.S.The payload must be constructed from foam core The payload was constructed from foam core. 5 M.S. The total mass of the payload must not exceed 850 grams and the budget of the project must not exceed three-hundred dollars. The payload had a final weight of 782 grams and cost $ M.S. The payload must allow for a HOBO H and the provided external temperature cable The payload included the HOBO H and the provided external temperature cable 7 M.S. The payload must allow for a Canon A570IS Digital Camera with two AA lithium batteries The payload included the Canon A570IS Digital Camera with two AA lithium batteries 8 M.S. The payload must have contact information written on the external of the payload, alongside an United States flag The payload had contact information written on the external of the payload, alongside an United States flag 9 M.S. The team will be ready to launch on November 6, 2010, at Windsor, Colorado, at 6:50 AM. The Gateway to Space class launched on November 6, 2010, at Windsor, Colorado, at 7:40 AM 10 M.S. The team shall adhere to all safety procedures outlined in the proposal All safety procedures have been followed

Requirements Flow Down: Level 1 17 NumberDerivationDescription 1 O1Payload must remain attached to the flight string during the mission 2 O7The payload must be functional, retrievable, and capable of flying multiple times. 3 O2 The payload will carry carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and methane gas sensors to record the concentrations of each gas at different altitudes 4 O5 The entire payload, including all electrical components and structural materials, will weigh 781 grams 5 O6 The HOBO H shall measure and record measurements of internal temperature and the provided external temperature cable will record external temperatures during the mission. 6 O7A Canon A570IS Digital Camera will take and store images during the flight. 7 O2 Program the Arduino microcontroller with the integrated development environment using the Java programming language 8a O2Interface the carbon monoxide gas sensor to the Arduino microcontroller 8b O2Interface the carbon dioxide gas sensor to the Arduino microcontroller 8c O2Interface the methane gas sensor to the Arduino microcontroller 8d O2 Test the functionality of the gas sensors individually and then test the functionality of the sensors integrated together on the Arduino microcontroller by placing the sensors behind the exhaust pipe of a running automobile that belongs to a member of the team. 8e O10The team will adhere to all safety measures and protocol when testing system functionality. 9 O2, O3 Provide the necessary power to each electrical component and ensure that the recorded data is being properly stored 10 O1, O2, O3, O4 Create a structure that can withstand the forces and extreme temperatures experienced during flight 11 O10 The team will have a functional and flight-ready payload to turn-in on check-in, November 5, 2010, and launch day, November 6, 2010.

Mass and Cost Summary

Message to Next Semester  Course is challenging, but an invaluable and exciting learning experience  Communication, among others, is crucial  Subsystems can have own timetable  During full systems testing, each subsystem must be functional  If not, testing cannot continue until addressed  Time is not an ally  K.I.S.S. model – Keep It Simple Stupid  Given a measure of freedom  Remember constraints on costs, weight, and time 19