Birmingham, Alabama 1963.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
The Civil Rights Movement.
Advertisements

Visual History of the Civil Rights Movement
Civil Rights Triumphs of a Crusade Part II. Freedom Riders Interstate Facilities were segregated the in the South SNCC volunteers rode into Birmingham,
Chapter 20 Section 2 Freedom Riders
WHY? He believe the right to vote without fear or difficulty was vital if civil rights were to be won Voter registration qualifications in the South often.
Birmingham, Alabama Aim : Examine the effectiveness of the 1963 demonstration in Birmingham, Alabama.
Civil Rights. Rosa Parks Refused to give up her seat on the bus for a white person and was arrested, her actions led to several bus boycotts.
The 1963 Birmingham Campaign Protest, Reaction, and Results. “Long as I’m po-leece commissioner in Birmingham, the niggers and white folks ain’t goin’
Look at the next two slides of Supreme Court Cases, and answer the questions: 1. What do you think Plessy vs. Ferguson established? 2. Why do you think.
Birmingham Campaign SCLC chose to confront segregation in Birmingham in the spring of Birmingham was one of the most racially divided cities.
The Triumphs of a Crusade
Buses and Lunch Counters Movements to Integrate Public Accommodations.
Selma, Alabama and the Right To Vote. Aim : Examine the campaign to allow Black Americans to vote freely.
The Civil Rights Movement Birmingham, Alabama U.S. Supreme Court ruled that segregation in interstate travel was unconstitutional Many wondered.
Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 2 The Movement Gains Ground Describe the sit-ins, freedom rides, and the actions of James Meredith in.
2.  The desegregation of transportation systems in the South began at 5:30 p.m. on Thursday, December 1,  Seamstress Rosa Parks changed America.
Kennedy, Johnson, and Civil Rights Chapter 29, Section #2.
QOD 3/12 As the turning point of the Civil Rights Movement, how did the success of the Montgomery Bus Boycott influence other events during the Civil Rights.
The March on Washington 1963 and the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
Major Events of the Civil Rights Movement
Civil Rights Protests How did African-Americans achieve equality?
The Civil Rights Movement. Montgomery Bus Boycott Boycotting Segregation 1955 NAACP officer Rosa Parks arrested for not giving up seat on bus Montgomery.
Civil Rights Movement. Civil Rights Starting with Brown vs B of E, a string of events occurred that raised awareness for the movement It was not easy.
Chapter 21: Civil Rights Section 2: The Triumphs of a Crusade
The Struggle Intensifies The Civil Rights Movement 21.3 The Civil Rights Movement 21.3.
THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT. Plessy v. Ferguson  Civil Rights Act of 1875 outlawed segregation  Declared unconstitutional in 1883  Plessy v. Ferguson.
Chapter 21 Section 1-2 CIVIL RIGHTS 1950’S-60’S.  Plessy v. Ferguson 1896  Separate but equal did not violate 14 th ammendment  Jim Crow Laws = Separating.
Add to your notebook Unit 8 Civil Rights Civil Rights Movement Beginnings (44)1.
Birmingham, Alabama 1963 Lesson starter: Which is the odd one out and why; Montgomery Bus Boycott Sit Ins Freedom Rides.
The Birmingham Campaign (1963) Police Chief Bull Connor After a # of defeats, the Movement was looking for a victory Perhaps the most segregated city in.
Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 2 The Movement Gains Ground Describe the sit-ins, freedom rides, and the actions of James Meredith in.
Birmingham, Alabama 1963 Lesson starter: Which is the odd one out and why; Montgomery Bus Boycott Sit Ins Freedom Rides.
Birmingham, Alabama Describe the events that shocked the world in Birmingham Explain why the events in Birmingham were useful to the civil rights.
This ppt is a model to demonstrate a revision technique for all essays but using as an example the event ‘The March on Washington.’ I call it vertical.
The Triumphs of a Crusade
Sec 2.  Freedom Riders  New Volunteers ◦ SNCC takes up cause of Freedom Riders  “Bull” Connor  Birmingham, AL police commissioner  Beat Freedom Riders.
US Civil Rights Movement Original by J. Aaron Collins Edited by Mrs. Gould This Powerpoint is hosted on
Bell Quiz (pgs. 710 – 716) 1) What was the purpose of the Freedom Riders? Riders? 2) In what city was the first freedom riders bus attacked? 3) What year.
Triumphs & Challenges of the Civil Rights Movement What are issues that come up during the Civil Rights Movement?
JFK and Civil Rights 1960 campaign  promised to support civil rights Af-Ams overwhelmingly supported JFK Appointed 40 Af-Ams to high-level positions in.
‘March on Washington’ August 1963 raised hopes of the Black population that civil rights might be close President Kennedy had promised to make changes…
THE BIRMINGHAM CAMPAIGN Confronting segregation in Alabama.
Civil Rights Movement. Background-1950’s-1970’s Purpose was to establish equal rights for all races-specifically the African-American race Segregation-to.
Civil Rights Section 2 Section 2 The Triumphs of a Crusade.
Civil Rights Revolution TCI 44.. Brown V. Board of Education said segregation in public school is unconstitutional. African Americans were ready to take.
“ I say... segregation today … segregation tomorrow … segregation forever. ” Governor George Wallace Inauguration Speech Montgomery, Alabama January 14,
Civil Rights Movement
Birmingham, Alabama 1963 Describe the events that shocked the world in Birmingham in 1963 Explain why the events in Birmingham were useful to the civil.
Civil Rights 1960–1964.
“The 90 day campaign which changed the face of America forever.”
Civil Rights Review Civil Rights Act 1964
In 1955, Rosa Parks’ arrest for disobeying an Alabama law requiring segregation on city buses sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
Sit-Ins, Freedom Riders and MLK
The Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Kennedy Years.
Voting Rights The Main Idea
1. What do you think Plessy vs. Ferguson established?
Chapter 28 Section 2 The Civil Rights Movement Riddlebarger
Chapter 21-Section 2-The Triumphs of a Crusade
Questions How did the sit-in movement begin?
The Triumphs of a Crusade
CHAPTER 21 – CIVIL RIGHTS.
Civil Rights Movement Pt 2
Martin Luther King, Jr. & the Civil Rights Movement
The Civil Rights Movement
Birmingham, Alabama 1963 Lesson starter:
The Struggle Continues
Civil Rights.
Module 15 Lesson 2 Page 2: Standing Firm
Presentation transcript:

Birmingham, Alabama 1963

Freedom Rides and Sit-ins highlighted the power… The media Martin Luther King hoped to use this to win the backing of the American people and President… John F Kennedy

Martin Luther King believed that Birmingham, Alabama, was the most racist, most segregated city in the USA Birmingham

The Governor of Alabama was called George Wallace The Chief of Police was called ‘Bull’ Connor Both were well known racists Segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation for ever. George Wallace

April and May 1963 a new protest campaign was launched in Birmingham WHY? I think I should give the reason for my being in Birmingham. Birmingham is probably the most segregated city in the United States. Its ugly record of police brutality is known in every section of the country. Its unjust treatment of the Negroes in the courts is a notorious reality. There have been more unsolved bombings of Negro homes and churches in Birmingham than in any city in this nation.

Protesters risked their lives Civil rights leaders called Birmingham ‘Bombingham’ Klan in Birmingham was one of most violent in the country Klan had the support of the Birmingham Police Department led by Bull Connor

Civil Rights protesters knew if they were successful this could spark off big change in the South Leaders – Martin Luther King and Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth They had clear objectives Desegregate public facilities and department stores The campaign in Birmingham will surely be the toughest fight of our civil rights career. It could successfully break the back of segregation all over our nation.

Even before the march started King and Shuttlesworth were arrested April 20 released from jail School children were to lead the march WHY? TV footage of them being arrested would embarrass the city

The March Begins.. 2 May – Bull Connor was waiting and organised Connor ordered the arrest of the school children 900 children aged 6-18 were jailed

3 May – Connor called for….. water cannons, dogs and even electric cattle prods on the demonstrators KKK held marches through the streets - police did nothing to stop them As 30,000 marchers paraded down the streets the police attacked

4 May – marchers came down the street. - Connor ordered an attack - firemen refuse to turn on their hoses; the police would not attack the marchers - arrests still happened.

5th May – three reactions: King: wanted to end the march. They were achieving massive publicity, but it was at a huge cost. Local businessmen: desperate for a solution – were losing business. They offered a deal. They agreed to de-segregate rest rooms, lunch counters, fitting rooms and drinking fountains within 90 days. KKK: furious at the deal. Rioted and fire-bombed black churches, businesses and homes.

American public and the rest of the world was outraged by what they saw on TV American public demanded change

President Kennedy could not ignore the mood of the country If an American, because of his skin colour, cannot eat lunch in a restaurant open to the public, if he cannot send his children to the best school there is, if he cannot vote for the politicians who represent him, are we to say to the world that this is the land of the free, except for the Negroes? The following week he said on TV Next week I shall ask Congress (the US parliament) to act, to make a commitment it has not fully made this century ... that race has no place in American life or law.

The civil rights people should thank God for Bull Connor. Why did the protest seem to succeed? The civil rights people should thank God for Bull Connor. Sure, thank God for Bull Connor, but also thank the TV cameras and news reporters.

Was the protest a success? YES Stores were desegregated opportunities for African Americans in jobs ‘improved’ Bi-racial committee was set up to improve Birmingham’s troubled community. The scenes of police dogs attacking children and youths pushed Kennedy into greater action - civil rights legislation shortly followed. The media had once again shown America what life was like for African Americans in the South – caused embarrassment

Was the protest a success? NO Very costly in human life Volunteers from the North rushed to Birmingham to help the protesters – many were beaten by the police Three students from the North were murdered in Mississippi. So was Mississippi NAACP leader, Evers. Bombings of King’s brother’s house and King’s motel room - provoked riots 1100 students who had attended the demonstrations were expelled for truancy from city schools and colleges. Only a federal court order got them reinstated. Black Americans who lived in Birmingham opposed to the tactics used – they had to live with white hostility when the Civil Rights workers left town.