24/11/1428 هـ الجامعة الافتراضية 1. 24/11/1428 هـ 2 الجامعة الافتراضية.

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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم 24/11/1428هـ الجامعة الافتراضية.

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24/11/1428 هـ الجامعة الافتراضية 1

24/11/1428 هـ 2 الجامعة الافتراضية

محتويات العرض 1. التحديات التي تواجه التعليم العالي 2. التعريف بالجامعة الافتراضية 3. نماذج الجامعة الافتراضية 4. الجهات التي تُقدم التعليم الافتراضي 5. مكونات النموذج المقترح 6. قضايا أساسية 24/11/1428 هـ 3 الجامعة الافتراضية

التحديات التي تواجه التعليم العالي الزيادة الكبيرة في خريجي الثانوية العامة. ( زيادة الطاقة الاستيعابية ). متطلبات مجتمع المعرفة ( مستويات عالية من التعليم ) تقلص الاعتمادات المالية الحكومية. المنافسة على تقديم التعليم العالي. العولمة. ( تجاوز الحدود الجغرافية في التعليم ). تحسين الجودة، وتخفيض التكاليف. التطور السريع والمتنامي لتقنيات المعلومات والاتصالات تغير دور أعضاء هيئة التدريس. تنمية مهارات التعلم الإلكتروني. التعلم مدى الحياة ( طرق تعليم جديدة ). 24/11/1428 هـ 4 الجامعة الافتراضية

ماذا نعني بالجامعة الافتراضية يصف Wilson الجامعة الافتراضية بتلك التي تفقد أكثر أو جميع جغرافيتها الافتراضية مع إفادتها بشكل كبير من إمكاناتها الافتراضية. ويضيف ويلسون بأن الجغرافية الافتراضية هي نتاج استخدام تقنيات المعلومات والاتصالات واستخدامها. كما أن الإمكانات الافتراضية تمثل أفضل استخدام لتلك التقنيات في بناء مستويات أعلى من الإمكانات في الجامعة. بينما يرى Cornford بأن الجامعة الافتراضية هي جامعة بدون أسوار ويمكن وصفها بأنها مؤسسة لا ترتبط بحدود مكانية تستخدم تقنيات المعلومات والاتصالات الحديثة لربط الدارسين والأساتذة والباحثين والخريجين والجهات الداعمة للبحوث والإداريين في مؤسسة شبكية مرنة ومتطورة. 24/11/1428 هـ 5 الجامعة الافتراضية

24/11/1428 هـ 6 الجامعة الافتراضية

نماذج الجامعة الافتراضية فرق Farrell et al. بين اتجاهين كان لهما أثر بالغ في تطور نماذج الجامعة الافتراضية: البعد الأول: يتضمن الاتجاه نحو إدخال تقنيات المعلومات والاتصالات في العملية التعليمية مما أدى إلى نشوء نماذج جديدة ومن تلك النماذج التي ظهرت ما يلي: 1. Traditional multi-institutions that are offering virtual programmes as well as on-campus programmes. (e.g. the University of Phoenix Online). 2. Single-mode distance teaching organisations using print- based delivery and created originally with relatively clear and exclusive mandates. They have had to reinvent themselves by using ICT to support their distance programmes. 7 الجامعة الافتراضية

3. Broker-type organisations established to obtain and deliver programmes from other institutions. Adding value through flexibility of access and transferring of credits are the main advantages of this type of organisation. 4. Information and facility provider-type organisations such as the University for Industry in the UK. This type was founded to support learners and institutional needs. 24/11/1428 هـ 8 الجامعة الافتراضية

5. Institutions created with no intention to supplement learners with direct instructions; instead they have authority to award credentials and provide other services. One example is the Western Governors University in the United States. 24/11/1428 هـ الجامعة الافتراضية 9

البعد الثاني : النمو السريع للقطاع الخاص في مجال التعليم العالي مما نتج عنه ظهور النماذج الثلاثة التالية : 1. For-profit institutions such as The University of Phoenix and Jones International University that were created to deliver direct instruction to a more focused target niche market. 1. Corporate organisations that established network training for internal training needs are now attracting outside training opportunities and are striving to gain official recognition. One example is South Africa Telecom. 24/11/1428 هـ 10 الجامعة الافتراضية

3. For-fee service organisations that concentrate on providing certain kinds of service such as consulting, project management, technical support and so on. 24/11/1428 هـ الجامعة الافتراضية 11

أشارت دراسة لتطور التعليم الافتراضي في دول الكومنولث The changing faces of virtual Education إلى ثلاثة نماذج هي : 1. New Virtual Education Institutions. 2. Consortia of Institutions. 3. Government-education Alliances. 24/11/1428 هـ 12 الجامعة الافتراضية

بينما ذكر Whittington & Sclater ثلاثة نماذج هي : 1. Virtual front ends for single, existing institutions. In this model, an existing university founds a separate virtual faculty or department that is responsible for delivering online courses to off-campus learners. 24/11/1428 هـ الجامعة الافتراضية 13

2. A collaborative venture between existing institutions. This is a model where the participant universities work together as a unit. They agree to establish a new institution to deliver accredited online courses. 3. A virtual university model that is specifically created to respond to the increasing demand of adult learners for virtual educational courses. 4. Commercial enterprises which build their own websites to meet the training needs of a single company. These institutions do not offer accredited degree courses. 24/11/1428 هـ 14 الجامعة الافتراضية

Baer presented the following models: 1. Traditional (non-profit) colleges and universities. 2. Non-profit open universities. 3. Non-profit virtual universities. 4. For-profit universities. 5. Internet software and networking firms. 6. Content and training firms. 24 – ذو القعدة – 1428 هـ 15 الجامعة الافتراضية

Khakhar identified four main types of virtual university: 1. Single-mode institutions, where the main focus is to design and deliver courses to distance learners. This means that all management functions and responsibilities such as planning, funding, staffing and other resources are dedicated to achieve this goal. 1. Dual-mode institutions which, besides delivering on-campus classes, also deliver virtual education to non-traditional students. 24/11/1428 هـ 16 الجامعة الافتراضية

3. Mixed-mode institutions where both conventional and distance education is designed, delivered and supervised by the same academic members. 4. Consortia, in which a number of institutions within a state or nation engage in partnerships to provide distance teaching under a single management unit. 24/11/1428 هـ الجامعة الافتراضية 17

1. For-profit Consortium Virtual University Model 2. Joint Venture Virtual University Model 3. Non-profit Aggregated Virtual University Model 4. Dual-Mode Virtual University Model 5. For-Profit Single-Mode Virtual University Model 6. Non-Profit Single-Mode Virtual University Model 24/11/1428 هـ الجامعة الافتراضية 18

الجهات التي تُقدم التعليم الافتراضي : 1. Traditional public educational institutions. 2. Traditional private educational institutions. 3. Private entities. 4. Corporate educational and training providers. 24/11/1428 هـ الجامعة الافتراضية 19

عناصر النموذج المقترح التخطيط الاستراتيجي المحتوى التقنية خدمات المساندة 24/11/1428 هـ الجامعة الافتراضية 20

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24/11/1428 هـ الجامعة الافتراضية 22

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قضايا أساسية هيكلية الجامعة الافتراضية. التقنية. الإدارة. البرامج الأكاديمية البيئة الوطنية والعالمية. 24/11/1428 هـ 27 الجامعة الافتراضية

شكراً لكم 24/11/1428 هـ الجامعة الافتراضية 28