Technology Transfer in The United States Paul Zielinski Director, Technology Partnerships Office, National Institute of Standards and Technology Chair, Federal Laboratory Consortium for Technology Transfer

Goal of U.S. Technology Transfer: Availability and Use of Innovations Government Research/Invent Regulate Public benefit Consumer Private Industry Develop Manufacture Distribute Market Sell Requires private capital

Government Sponsored Transfer Technology Large investment in mission focused research, including basic research - $140 billion Missions range from space flight at NASA, defense industries, energy production, health care and many others Useful as an economic engine for innovation and growth of new businesses We consider an expansive view of technology transfer Patenting/Licensing Technical publications Collaborations – formal and informal Public Domain software

Policy Coordination The U.S. Department of Commerce provides policy coordination and promulgation of technology transfer regulation Chair the Interagency Workgroup for Technology Transfer (11 agencies) Annual reports for the President, the Congress, and OMB on utilization of technology transfer by DOC and across all agencies NIST has a statutory role as the “Host Agency” for the Federal Laboratory Consortium for Technology Transfer (~300 labs)

U.S. Technology Transfer Legislation Objective: Achieve practical application of funded research for the benefit of the public. Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (P.L , 15 USC 3710) The first of a series of laws about federal technology transfer. Requires laboratories to take an active role in technical cooperation. Established an office in each laboratory to coordinate and promote technology transfer. Sharing of royalties with inventors. Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 (P.L ; 35 USC 200) Presumption of ownership by contractor to inventions developed with federal funds. Government retains use license. March-in rights. Federal Technology Transfer Act of 1986 (P.L ; 15 USC 3710a) Enabled government laboratories to enter into Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAs) and to negotiate licensing arrangements for patented inventions

US Lab Patent And CRADA Trends

Technology Transfer Organizations The Federal Laboratory Consortium for Technology Transfer (FLC): nationwide network of federal laboratories to link laboratory technologies and expertise with the marketplace. Association of University Technology Managers (AUTM): global network of members come from more than 350 universities, research institutions, teaching hospitals and government agencies as well as hundreds of companies involved with managing and licensing innovations derived from academic and nonprofit research.

State Economic Development

Entrepreneurship and Job Creation From 1980–2005, startups (firms less than five years old) accounted for all net job growth in the U.S. More than half of the companies on the 2009 Fortune 500 list were launched during a recession, along with nearly half of the firms on the 2008 Inc. Magazine list of America’s fastest-growing companies 79% of Americans say entrepreneurs are critically important to job creation, ranking higher than big business, scientists, and government In 2008, there were 530,000 new businesses per month

Coronary Stents  The lab worked closely with its commercial partner, Boston Scientific Corp, to perform innovative alloy formulation and primary material process development.  Global sales since 2009 have exceeded $1 billion. The technology was an R&D 100 award recipient in  Coronary stents save thousands of lives each year, but can be hard to see by X-rays, making proper placement difficult. A platinum- chromium alloy, developed at Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory, makes it easier for coronary specialists to see the stent in the catheter during insertion, placement and expansion.

Cryo-ablation Surgical Systems NIST research enabled the emergence of patented cryosurgical instruments for use in treating heart arrhythmias and uterine conditions Based on an optimization of gas mixtures in the mixed-gas Joule Thomson refrigeration process Developed a 3-mm-diameter cryogenic catheter capable of achieving very low temperatures at its tip for use in freezing tissues. Technology developed through a CRADA and transferred to a partner. Licensed to small firm, has become part of a system owned by CooperSurgical, HerOption® cryo-ablation system, to treat a variety of abnormal uterine conditions resulting in excessive bleeding Minimally invasive, reduced patient risk from infection and anesthesia

CrispTek/Choice Batter ® Time Line Sept-Dec 2006 Sept 2007 April 2008 Sept 2008 May/July 2009 Dec 2009 June 2010 Sept 2010 Howard Community College – Technology Assessment Program CrispTek Formed TEDCO Grant Exclusive License ARS Contract Manufacturer First Sales 35 Grocery Stores First Bulk Sale Stores Sept 2009 July 2008 $4.7M sales, 95 jobs, impact in 4 states (MD, IA, IL, TX) U.S. Patent 6,224,921

Summary Role of technology transfer is to encourage private business development to make innovations available Decentralized role of government, rely on partnerships Continued emphasis on technology and innovation Thank You Paul Zielinski