Introduction & Strategy Module

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction & Strategy Module Operations Management: Introduction & Strategy Module Introduction & Administrative Key Principles of Course Strategic role of Ops Process view of Ops Strategies, Capabilities and Operations Strategic Framework Wal-Mart Aligning strategy and operations: Shouldice Hospital Focus Wriston Manufacturing Notes: S. Chopra/Operations/Strategy S. Chopra/Operations/Strategy

Key Principle of course: 1. The Strategic Role of Ops “A company’s operations function is either a competitive weapon or a corporate millstone. It is seldom neutral.” [Skinner ‘69] S. Chopra/Operations/Strategy S. Chopra/Operations/Strategy

Key Principle of Course: 2. The Process View of Ops By rethinking the IBM Austin assembly plant and introducing cells, distance traveled by a card was cut from 1.5 miles to 200 yards floor space was reduced to half production tripled with about the same number of workers. [Chicago Tribune, July 1992] S. Chopra/Operations/Strategy S. Chopra/Operations/Strategy

Operations & the Process View: What is a Process? Inputs Outputs Goods Services Labor & Capital Information structure Network of Activities and Buffers Flow units (customers, data, material, cash, etc.) Resources Process Management S. Chopra/Operations/Strategy S. Chopra/Operations/Strategy

What defines a “good process”? Performance: Financial Measures Absolute measures: revenues, costs, operating income, net income Net Present Value (NPV) = Relative measures: ROI, ROE ROA = Survival measure: cash flow S. Chopra/Operations/Strategy S. Chopra/Operations/Strategy

Product Attribute (External) Process Competency (Internal) Firms compete on product attributes. This requires process competencies. Product Attribute (External) Process Competency (Internal) Cost Response time Flow time Variety Flexibility Quality S. Chopra/Operations/Strategy

Process Competencies are affected by Process Structure and Management Process structure or architecture: (1) inputs and outputs (2) flow unit (“jobs”) (3) network of activities & buffers quantity & location precedence relationships (4) resource allocation capacity & throughput Operations Planning & Control Organization S. Chopra/Operations/Strategy S. Chopra/Operations/Strategy

What defines a good operation? Achieving alignment at FedEx 2006 2005 2004 Revenues 32,294 29,363 24,710 Income 3,014 2,471 1,440 S. Chopra/Operations/Strategy

A Strategic Framework for Operations Business Strategy Desired Capabilities Notes: Operations Structure Resources Processes S. Chopra/Operations/Strategy S. Chopra/Operations/Strategy

What defines a good operation? Achieving alignment at IKEA S. Chopra/Operations/Strategy

Shouldice Hospital S. Chopra/Operations/Strategy

Wriston Manufacturing S. Chopra/Operations/Strategy S. Chopra/Operations/Strategy

Wriston Manufacturing Burden Rates (total overhead cost / direct labor cost) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Sanduski Detroit Lima Lebanon Saginaw Essex Tiffin Freemont Maysville Free capacity and Throughput 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 S. Chopra/Operations/Strategy Sanduski Detroit Lima Lebanon Saginaw Essex Tiffin Freemont Maysville S. Chopra/Operations/Strategy

Focus and the Frontier In the health-care sector Cost efficiency Responsiveness World-class Emergency Room (non-emergency) Hospital One general facility operations frontier S. Chopra/Operations/Strategy S. Chopra/Operations/Strategy

Learning Objectives Operations & Strategy An operation as a transformation process Product Attributes / Operational Capabilities Process Drivers / Operations structure Link between business strategy, operations strategy, and operations structure Strategy vs. Operational Effectiveness Operational Focus S. Chopra/Operations/Strategy S. Chopra/Operations/Strategy