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Upcoming- Discussions, Webpage live: past and future class info, First reading assignment soon.

This side close your eyes This side keep your eyes open Try to remember what you are about to hear.

This side close your eyes This side keep your eyes open Try to remember what you are about to hear. … It's about a kite.

A newspaper is better than a magazine, and on a seashore is a better place than a street. At first it is better to run than to walk. Also you may have to try several times. It takes some skill but it’s easy to learn. Even young children can enjoy it. Once successful, complications are minimal. Birds seldom get too close. One needs lots of room. Rain soaks in very fast. Too many people doing the same thing can also cause problems. If there are not complications, it can be very peaceful. A rock will serve as an anchor. If things break loose from it, however, you will not get a second chance.

Studying Biology: Start with a question. –For example: How? Why? When? Where? Etc?

Studying Biology: Come up with a question about getting to class from the intersection of Pleasant Valley and Riverside.

Studying Biology: Start with a question. –For example: How? Why? When? Where? Etc? How do we get answers? –Strong Inference presents one method (article on webpage)

Cause of Peptic Ulcers: Overabundance of stomach acid due to Stress Diet Anxiety

Cause of Peptic Ulcers: Overabundance of stomach acid due to Stress Diet Anxiety Treatment: Antacids U.S. bought $4.4 billion in 1992 Tranquilizers

Dr. Barry Marshall

the bacteria H. pylori

H. pylori is the cause of 80% of peptic ulcers

The obvious or accepted answer was not the correct answer... Without alternative ideas, the answer would not have been found.

Studying Biology: Start with a question. –For example: How? Why? When? Where? Etc? How do we get answers? –Strong Inference presents one method (article on webpage)

Strong Inference Knowledge is gained by eliminating incorrect ideas. Disproof is more reliable than proof.

Where does the matter come from for plants to grow? Matter can not normally be created or destroyed, only moved from one place to another.

Aristotle (~2,300 y.a.) : Plants gain mass by taking it from the soil. Supporting Evidence: Plants need soil to grow. If roots are removed, plants die. After several years of cultivation, soil loses its ability to support plant growth.

Johann Baptista van Helmont did a simple experiment in the early 1600’s Concept 37.2, 1 st paragraph

Johann Baptista van Helmont in 1600’s Supporting Evidence: Plants need soil to grow. If roots are removed, plants die. After several years of cultivation, soil loses its ability to support plant growth. Aristotle (~2,300 y.a.): Plants gain mass by taking it from the soil… What is the major difference between these two approaches to science?

The Rules of Strong Inference: Strong Inference is a method for looking at scientific problems by trying to disprove hypotheses and accepting the hypotheses that can not be disproved. Using Strong Inference entails following these rules (from an article by John Platt, 1964): 1. Devise multiple hypotheses.

The Rules of Strong Inference: Strong Inference is a method for looking at scientific problems by trying to disprove hypotheses and accepting the hypotheses that can not be disproved. Using Strong Inference entails following these rules (from an article by John Platt, 1964): 1. Devise multiple hypotheses. 2. Design experiment(s) to eliminate one or more of the hypotheses.

The Rules of Strong Inference: 1. Devise multiple hypotheses. 2. Design experiment(s) to eliminate one or more of the hypotheses. 3. Carry out the experiments in a manner that gives reliable results (data).

Johann Baptista van Helmont did a simple experiment in the early 1600’s What experimental errors might this experiment have? Concept 37.2, 1 st paragraph

The Rules of Strong Inference: 1. Devise multiple hypotheses. 2. Design experiment(s) to eliminate one or more of the hypotheses. 3. Carry out the experiments in a manner that gives reliable results (data). 4. Repeat. Refine hypotheses.

The Rules of Strong Inference: Strong Inference is a method for looking at scientific problems by trying to disprove hypotheses and accepting the hypotheses that can not be disproved. Using Strong Inference entails following these rules (from an article by John Platt, 1964): 1. Devise multiple hypotheses. 2. Design experiment(s) to eliminate one or more of the hypotheses. 3. Carry out the experiments in a manner that gives reliable results (data). 4. Repeat. Refine hypotheses.

The Questions: Can your hypothesis be disproved? What experiment(s) can disprove your hypothesis?

The Rules of Strong Inference: Strong Inference is a method for looking at scientific problems by trying to disprove hypotheses and accepting the hypotheses that can not be disproved. Using Strong Inference entails following these rules (from an article by John Platt, 1964): 1. Devise multiple hypotheses. 2. Design experiment(s) to eliminate one or more of the hypotheses. 3. Carry out the experiments in a manner that gives reliable results (data). 4. Repeat. Refine hypotheses.

Upcoming- Discussions, Webpage live: past and future class info, First reading assignment soon.