Baltimore Polytechnic Institute November 18, 2010 A.P. U.S. History Mr. Green

Objectives: Describe the economic strengths and weaknesses of the Cotton Kingdom and its central role in the prosperity of Britain as well as the United States. Outline the hierarchical social structure of the South, from the planter aristocracy to African American slaves. Describe the non-slaveholding white majority of the South, and explain why most poorer whites supported slavery even though they owned no slaves. AP Focus The South in the antebellum period is dominated by the planter- slaveholder class, which comprises only a small percentage of the South’s white population—approximately two-thirds of southern whites own no slaves. So important is cotton to the South’s—and, some contend, the nation’s—economy that it is referred to as King Cotton. The life of freed slaves, while appreciably better than that of their enslaved brethren, is precarious. Freed slaves did not find a panacea to their problems and treatment in the North either.

CHAPTER THEMES The explosion of cotton production fastened the slave system deeply upon the South, creating a complex, hierarchical racial and social order that deeply affected whites as well as blacks. The economic benefits of an increasing production of cotton due to the cotton gin and slavery were shared between the South, the North, and Britain. The economics of cotton and slavery also led to bigger and bigger plantations, since they could afford the heavy investment of human capital.

Focus Questions Due for Chapter 16 today. Submit Presidential Election Charts 1828, 1832, 1836, 1840-you are losing points if you have not submitted them for grading Decades Chart for the 1830’s due today

Slaves denied an education-education brought ideas and discontent Slaves utilized tactics to upset owners slow work sabotage of equipment poison owners Rebellions Denmark Vesey-Charleston, SC Nat Turner-slaughtered 60 Virginians, mostly women and children Amistad (1839) seized control of Spanish slave ship and driven ashore on Long Island Former President John Q. Adams secured their freedom with their return to Sierra Leone

Quakers American Colonization Society-return slaves to Africa Liberia-established for former slaves, capital named after a U.S. President only foreign capital named after a U.S. President

William Lloyd Garrison-The Liberator David Walker-Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World-advocated a bloody end Sojourner Truth Martin Delany –re-colonization theory Frederick Douglass political response to end slavery

Missouri Compromise of 1820 Virginia tightens slave codes and others join a response to Nat Turner’s rebellion Nullification crisis of 1832 Slavery as a positive good Owners encouraged religion This support of slavery further widened the gap between the North and South

Explain how the North and the South were connected. Be sure to include finance, cotton, and commerce.

 Begin reading all of Chapter 16  5 Question reading check at the beginning of class.