▶ Phrase Check ▶ Word Check ☞ Write the meanings of the words. ☞ Choose the correct word or phrase for each blank History regardless of, capitalized in on, closed in on, declared war on, contending with 15. Octavianus the situation by reading a supposed copy of Antony’s will which gave much of his control to Cleopatra’s children. 옥타비아누스는 이 상황을 잘 이용하여 안토니우스가 자신의 권력을 클레오파트라의 아이들에게 넘기려고 한다는 유언장을 공개했다. 16. the authenticity of the will, the propaganda worked and the Senate declared war on Cleopatra. 유언장의 진위와 상관 없이 로마 원로원은 클레오파트라에 대한 전쟁을 선포했다. 17. Regardless of the authenticity of the will, the propaganda worked and the Senate Cleopatra. 유언장의 진위와 상관 없이 로마 원로원은 클레오파트라에 대한 전쟁을 선포했다. 18. Octavianus no longer had an enemy capable of him on the sea. 옥타비아누스에게는 해상에서 그에게 맞설 수 있는 적이 더 이상 없었다. 19. As Octavianus’ troops him, Antony committed suicide. 옥타비아누스의 군대는 안토니우스를 조여옴에 따라 안토니우스는 스스로 목숨을 끊었다. * 총 30 문항, 각 문제당 3.3 점씩 배점 1. assassination2. legion 3. heir4. truce 5. capitalize6. authenticity 7. propaganda8. promontory 9. contend10. smuggle 11. asp12. quarters 13. declare14. emperor

▶ Reading Comprehension ☞ Choose the best answer based on the article. Battle of Actium The Battle of Actium ended decades of Roman civil war and resulted in the rise of the first Roman Emperor. After the assassination of Julius Caesar in 44 BC., Rome had no clear leader. Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony) took over Caesar’s papers and many of his legions, but Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus was named as heir in Caesar’s will. Antony married Octavianus’ sister, Octavia, and an uneasy truce began. Antony and Cleopatra began their fateful relationship. He eventually married her although he didn’t divorce Octavia his Roman wife. Octavianus capitalized on the situation by reading a supposed copy of Antony’s will which gave much of his control to Cleopatra’s children. Regardless of the authenticity of the will, the propaganda worked and the Senate declared war on Cleopatra. Antony took his and Cleopatra’s fleet into the Gulf of Ambracia. He used towers on land and a row of ships in the water to guard the entrance to the Gulf. Octavianus setup camp on the Northernmost shore of the Gulf across from the Actium promontory, from which the battle gets its name. On September 2, 31 BC., Antony moved out to meet Octavianus. The fierce war was fought all day long. Late in the afternoon, however, Cleopatra and her 60 ships suddenly raised their sails and raced away from the battle. When he saw Cleopatra leaving, Antony immediately left his command ship and followed her with his 40 ships without warning in the middle of the battle, leaving the remainder of his fleet to their doom. By the end of the day, the Antonian forces had lost 5,000 lives and 300 ships. Octavianus no longer had an enemy capable of contending with him on the sea. A year later, as Octavianus’ troops closed in on him, Antony committed suicide. Cleopatra was captured by Octavianus, and she had a servant smuggle an asp into her quarters and committed suicide. Octavianus declared himself emperor History 20. Which of the following sentences is true? ① Antony divorced his wife Octavia after beginning a fateful relationship with Cleopatra. ② The battle of Actium lasted several days, and was eventually won by Octavianus. ③ Octavianus used a supposed copy of Antony's will as propaganda to declare war on Cleopatra. ④ Upon hearing of Cleopatra's suicide, Mark Antony committed suicide also.

☞ Write True(T) or False(F). ▶ Structure ☞ Choose the correct one. 27. Order whatever you want regardless ( from, of ) expanse. 28. The US declared war ( in, on ) drug dealers. 29. She’s capitalizing ( on, of ) her father’s status. 30. The police are closing ( on in, in on ) the criminal by intensifying their search History 21. According to the article, what did Octavianus accomplish through the battle of Actium? ① Octavianus was able to capture Cleopatra. ② Octavianus was able to declare himself Emperor. ③ Octavianus was able to kill Mark Antony. ④ Octavianus no longer had an enemy capable of contending with him at sea. 22. Why did the Antonian forces lose 5,000 lives and 300 ships in the battle of Actium? ① Octavianus had a stronger navy and the Antonian troops were overmatched. ② After Cleopatra retreated, Antony followed her with 40 ships leaving the rest of his navy behind, and overmatched. ③ Cleopatra and her 60 ships raised their sails and fleeted from the battle. ④ The battle was on the Northernmost shore of the Gulf across from the Actium promontory which was an advantage to Octavianus. 23. Which of the following words most closely means 'smuggle' from the 5th paragraph? ① Conceal ② Steal ③ Exhibit ④ Expose 24. Julius Caesar committed suicide. _____ 25. Octavianus became the first Roman Emperor after the battle of Actium. _____ 26. During the battle, Octavianus set up towers on land and set up rows of ships to block the entrance to the Gulf. _____

▶ Phrase Check ▶ Word Check ☞ Write the meanings of the words. ☞ Choose the correct word or phrase for each blank History regardless of, capitalized in on, closed in on, declared war on, contending with 15. Octavianus capitalized on the situation by reading a supposed copy of Antony’s will which gave much of his control to Cleopatra’s children. 옥타비아누스는 이 상황을 잘 이용하여 안토니우스가 자신의 권력을 클레오파트라의 아이들에게 넘기려고 한다는 유언장을 공개했다. 16. Regardless of the authenticity of the will, the propaganda worked and the Senate declared war on Cleopatra. 유언장의 진위와 상관 없이 로마 원로원은 클레오파트라에 대한 전쟁을 선포했다. 17. Regardless of the authenticity of the will, the propaganda worked and the Senate declared war on Cleopatra. 유언장의 진위와 상관 없이 로마 원로원은 클레오파트라에 대한 전쟁을 선포했다. 18. Octavianus no longer had an enemy capable of contending with him on the sea. 옥타비아누스에게는 해상에서 그에게 맞설 수 있는 적이 더 이상 없었다. 19. As Octavianus’ troops closed in on him, Antony committed suicide. 옥타비아누스의 군대는 안토니우스를 조여옴에 따라 안토니우스는 스스로 목숨을 끊었다. * 총 30 문항, 각 문제당 3.3 점씩 배점 1. assassination [ 암살 ]2. legion [ 군단 ] 3. heir [ 계승자 ]4. truce [ 휴전 ] 5. capitalize [ 활용하다 ]6. authenticity [ 진짜 ] 7. propaganda [ 선전 ]8. promontory [ 갑, 곶 ] 9. contend [ 다투다 ]10. smuggle [ 밀수하다 ] 11. asp [ 독사 ]12. quarters [ 숙소, 방 ] 13. declare [ 발표하다, 선언하다 ]14. emperor [ 황제 ]

▶ Reading Comprehension ☞ Choose the best answer based on the article History 20. Which of the following sentences is true? [3] ① Antony divorced his wife Octavia after beginning a fateful relationship with Cleopatra. ② The battle of Actium lasted several days, and was eventually won by Octavianus. ③ Octavianus used a supposed copy of Antony's will as propaganda to declare war on Cleopatra. ④ Upon hearing of Cleopatra's suicide, Mark Antony committed suicide also. Battle of Actium The Battle of Actium ended decades of Roman civil war and resulted in the rise of the first Roman Emperor. After the assassination of Julius Caesar in 44 BC., Rome had no clear leader. Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony) took over Caesar’s papers and many of his legions, but Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus was named as heir in Caesar’s will. Antony married Octavianus’ sister, Octavia, and an uneasy truce began. Antony and Cleopatra began their fateful relationship. He eventually married her although he didn’t divorce Octavia his Roman wife. Octavianus capitalized on the situation by reading a supposed copy of Antony’s will which gave much of his control to Cleopatra’s children. Regardless of the authenticity of the will, the propaganda worked and the Senate declared war on Cleopatra. Antony took his and Cleopatra’s fleet into the Gulf of Ambracia. He used towers on land and a row of ships in the water to guard the entrance to the Gulf. Octavianus setup camp on the Northernmost shore of the Gulf across from the Actium promontory, from which the battle gets its name. On September 2, 31 BC., Antony moved out to meet Octavianus. The fierce war was fought all day long. Late in the afternoon, however, Cleopatra and her 60 ships suddenly raised their sails and raced away from the battle. When he saw Cleopatra leaving, Antony immediately left his command ship and followed her with his 40 ships without warning in the middle of the battle, leaving the remainder of his fleet to their doom. By the end of the day, the Antonian forces had lost 5,000 lives and 300 ships. Octavianus no longer had an enemy capable of contending with him on the sea. A year later, as Octavianus’ troops closed in on him, Antony committed suicide. Cleopatra was captured by Octavianus, and she had a servant smuggle an asp into her quarters and committed suicide. Octavianus declared himself emperor.

☞ Write True(T) or False(F). ▶ Structure ☞ Choose the correct one. 27. Order whatever you want regardless ( from, of ) expanse. 28. The US declared war ( in, on ) drug dealers. 29. She’s capitalizing ( on, of ) her father’s status. 30. The police are closing ( on in, in on ) the criminal by intensifying their search History 21. According to the article, what did Octavianus accomplish through the battle of Actium? [4] ① Octavianus was able to capture Cleopatra. ② Octavianus was able to declare himself Emperor. ③ Octavianus was able to kill Mark Antony. ④ Octavianus no longer had an enemy capable of contending with him at sea. 22. Why did the Antonian forces lose 5,000 lives and 300 ships in the battle of Actium? [2] ① Octavianus had a stronger navy and the Antonian troops were overmatched. ② After Cleopatra retreated, Antony followed her with 40 ships leaving the rest of his navy behind, and overmatched. ③ Cleopatra and her 60 ships raised their sails and fleeted from the battle. ④ The battle was on the Northernmost shore of the Gulf across from the Actium promontory which was an advantage to Octavianus. 23. Which of the following words most closely means 'smuggle' from the 5th paragraph? [1] ① Conceal ② Steal ③ Exhibit ④ Expose 24. Julius Caesar committed suicide. [F] 25. Octavianus became the first Roman Emperor after the battle of Actium. [T] 26. During the battle, Octavianus set up towers on land and set up rows of ships to block the entrance to the Gulf. [F]