Ghost Dance and Religious Resistance

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Presentation transcript:

Ghost Dance and Religious Resistance

Ghost Dance New religious movement Spiritual dance to regain life Became part of many Native American belief systems

Basis: circle\round dance since prehistoric times Trance, prophesying Last 5 days and 4 nights Occur every 6 weeks Moved from right to left → course of Sun No instruments

The Original Movement Began in 1870, Walker Lake Reservation, Nevada Hawthorne Wodziwob – Gray Hair (Paiute) Preached God’s messages Spread to westward (Klamath, Miwok, Modoc, Yurok)

Second Movement 1890 – Jack Wilson – Wovoka Prophet of peace New religion was termed as: ” Dance in a circle” → ”Spirit Dance” → ”Ghost Dance” Religion spread across much of western part (Cheyenne, Arapaho, Lakota (Sioux), Kiowa)

New form practiced among Nevada Paiute (1889) Quickly reached California and Oklahoma Change in society and in ritual Contributed in Lakota resistance

Political influence 1890 – Smaller reservations Individual lands – unable to farm ↓ Starvation People turned into Ghost Dance

US government banned Ghost Dance Rituals continued Troops in South Dakota Arrest and death of Sitting Bull ↓ More violent resistance

Wounded Knee Massacre At least 153 dead Sioux

Ghost Dance disappeared Led to Bourke Act (1906) Competent \ Incompetent Native Americans lost about 90 million acres of land About 90000 landless 1930s: land returned to tribal ownership Still low standard of living

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