I) Roots of Conflict A) French & Indian War left England with a large debt 1 st direct tax on the colonies that said all documents had to be on officially stamped paper 1) Stamp Act

a) Stamp Act Congress (1765): only colonial legislatures could tax the colonies 2) Townshend Acts “no taxation without representation” taxed everyday items a) boycott refusing to buy something 3) Tea Act

4) Boston Massacre (1770) Crispus Attucks

B) Sons of Liberty C) Committees of Correspondence resisted the Acts of Parliament set up by Samuel Adams to keep the colonies informed D) Boston Tea Party (1773)

E) Minutemen F) Punishing the Colonies colonists ready to fight at a moment’s notice blank search warrants 1) “writs of assistance” 2) Declaratory Act Parliament ruled the colonies

3) Intolerable Acts: closed the port of Boston, restricted representative government, quartering, & installed a non-elected military governor of Massachusetts (plus the Quebec Act) Coercive Acts because of the Boston Tea Party quartering = putting soldiers in your home

II) Revolution Begins: Lexington & Concord A) Paul Revere (April 19, 1775)

B) Bunker (Breed’s) Hill: “don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes” inaccurate guns & low ammunition costly “victory” for British

III) George Washington commander of the Continental—American— Army who drove the British out of Boston with cannons from Ft. Ticonderoga—brought to him by his artillery commander, Henry Knox

IV) Declaration of Independence A) Second Continental Congress message sent to King George III asking for a reconciliation 1) Olive Branch Petition a) Patriots wanted independence b) Loyalists (Tories) loyal to the crown

B) Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense” C) Committee of Five 1 st public call for independence Phillip LivingstonRoger Sherman John AdamsBenjamin Franklin Thomas Jefferson

“…unalienable rights…” “…life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness…” “…consent of the governed…” John Locke’s Two Treatise of Government Rousseau’s Social Contract Theory rights you’re born with that no one can take away

V) Trenton VI) Saratoga Washington crossed the Delaware River to defeat the Hessians—German mercenaries— Christmas, 1776 convinced the French to ally with America

VII) VIII) Valley Forge French nobleman who fought in Washington’s army Marquis de Lafayette winter encampment that has become synonymous with suffering A) Baron Von Steuben

IX) Monmouth A) Blacks largest battle of the war & Washington’s “finest hour” as commander 7-8% B) Women: “Molly Pitcher”

X) West Point: Hudson River A) Benedict Arnold’s Treason key to the continent

XI) Yorktown, VA (1781) A) General Cornwallis last major battle of the Revolution British commander who surrendered at Yorktown XII) Treaty of Paris, 1783 ended the Revolution & gained for America its independence