Presidency (Unit IV) What are the Constitutional Powers of the President? What are the informal roles of the President? Why do scholars argue that the informal responsibilities are more important? How has the power of the Presidency grown over the years? www.potus.com

Unit IV: Institutions of Government: Congress, Presidency, Bureaucracy, Courts (35-45%)

Power of President vs. Congress The next 15 slides address this: Great resource on WPA:http://loufreyinstitute.org/civicsconnection/conversations/4/16

The Struggle for Political Power PRESIDENT vs. CONGRESS The Struggle for Political Power

THREE CONSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS NATURAL BORN CITIZEN LIVED IN CONTINUOUSLY IN UNITEDSTATES FOR 14 YEARS 35 YEARS OLD

CONSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF HEAD EXECUTIVE BRANCH NEGOTIATE TREATIES STATE OF THE UNION ADDRESSES MAKE APPOINTMENTS

INFORMAL ROLES OF PRESIDENT - MORE IMPORTANT CHIEF LAWMAKER PARTY LEADER CRISIS MANAGER RECRUITER MORALE BUILDER CHIEF DIPLOMAT

Current Events and the War Powers Resolution http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/13/world/africa/13powers.html?_r=1

War Powers Act? http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/13/world/africa/13powers.html?_r=2 http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/death-of-the-war-powers-act/2011/05/17/AF3Jh35G_story.html?hpid=z5 http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/162323-lawmakers-quiet-on-war-powers-authority-in-libya-

WHAT DID THE FRAMERS ENVISION ROLE OF PRESIDENCY TO BE? Federalist #70 Alexander Hamilton

ARTHUR SCHLESINGER WROTE “THE IMPERIAL PRESIDENCY” POWER OF PRESIDENCY HAS GROWN IN MODERN TIMES - “PRESIDENT CAN RULE BY DECREE”

POWER OF PRESIDENCY HAS DOMINATED CONGRESS IN FOUR MAIN AREAS:

ONE: WAR POWERS President = Commander in Chief Congress declares war President Johnson persuades Congress to enact Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

WAR POWERS ACT ENACTED DURING NIXON’S ADMINISTRATION TROOPS ABROAD REQUIRE CONGRESSIONAL APPROVAL (BTW 60 - 90 DAYS) CONGRESS REASSERTING ITS AUTHORITY NIXON VETOED BILL CONGRESS OVERRIDES THE VETO

TWO: LEGISLATIVE POWERS CHIEF LAWMAKER VETO POWER FEWER THAN 3% OVERRIDDEN PRESIDENTAL SIGNING STATEMENTS – EXECUTIVE ORDERS(Korematsu v. US)

BUDGET MAKING PRESIDENT IS CENTRAL TO BUDGET MAKING PROCESS CONSTITUTION SAYS CONGRESS HAS POWER OF PURSE PRESIDENT IMPOUNDS FUNDS CONGRESS FIGHTS BACK FOR POWER

BUDGET IMPOUNDMENT CONTROL ACT (1974) CREATED THE CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (CBO) GAVE CONGRESS THEIR OWN ECONOMIC ADVISORS MADE THE IMPOUNDMENT OF FUNDS MORE DIFFICULT

THREE: APPOINTEES CONFIRMING A CABINET USUALLY VERY EASY MANY WHITE HOUSE STAFF OFFICIALS (NATIONAL SECURITYADVISOR) DO NOT REQUIRE SENATE CONFIRMATION POLICY CZARS (OBAMA)

FOUR: FOREIGN AFFAIRS WITH GROWING NATIONAL SECURITY PRESIDENTS GAINED POWER OF EXECUTIVE PRIVILEDGE ALLOWS THEM TO WITHHOLD INFORMATION IN COURT INQUIRIES IF INFORMATION WOULD ENDANGER NATIONAL SECURITY US v. Nixon

TREATY MAKING CONSTITUTION REQUIRES SENATE RATIFICATION OF ALL TREATIES PRESIDENTS CAN MAKE “EXECUTIVE AGREEMENTS” THAT HAVE THEEFFECT OF A TREATY (NO SENATE RATIFICATION REQUIRED)

CONCLUSION: POWER OF PRESIDENCY HAS GROWN OVER CONGRESS PRESIDENT CAN WAGE WAR PRESIDENT CAN LEGISLATE PRESIDENT CAN APPOINT PRESIDENT CAN DOMINATE FOREIGN AFFAIRS ALL WITH LITTLE INTERFERENCE FROM CONGRESS!