ICRISAT-MIP Activities in SA, WCA, ESA

Research questions Which upgrading options? How inclusive? How to empower women? Revised proposal submitted January 2013 Second revision submitted July 2013

Outputs achieved under Activities in SA Value chain mapping surveys of ICRISAT’s mandate crops) in 6 states completed (2012) – Development and pretesting of survey instruments (2012) – Interviews with key value chain actors across commodities (2012) Designed conjoint study to understand consumer preferences for RTU products of sorghum -Development survey instruments for the study

Outputs achieved under Activities in WCA Activity # 31 Assessing contractual preferences – Lessons learned from monitoring formal contracts between processors and grain producers already initiated under CRP 36 and CRP 35. – Stakeholder workshop to derive contract attributes in CRP2 – Design of contract choice experiment based on attributes identified in CRP2 – Survey instruments developed and validated in CRP2 Activity #32-33 Impact of Mechanization – SWOT analysis to identify constraints limiting the efficiency of groundnut value chain in Niger and upgrading options in CRP2 – Multi-site randomized design with upgrading options as treatments to assess its impacts on women well-being in CRP2

Outputs achieved under Activities in ESA Inclusion, sorghum beer Kenya – Evaluation of three inclusive business models in ESA (2012) – Interviewed key value chain actors (Smart Logistics, EABL) (2012) – Grower survey Kitui district of 15 Smart Logistics groups, from 3 clusters with control group of growers from same locations. N=300 (June 2013). 1.Gender equity, groundnuts, Zambia – Analysis of baseline survey (2012) – Economic evaluation of groundnut shellers (2012) – Scoping studies (2012, 2013)

Methodology development: Inclusiveness index (SA) – Identify indicators for measure of inclusiveness – Design methodology to construct the index which include discriminant function/factor analysis/weighting methods – Application and validating the concept of inclusion – Identify factors that contribute to a more equitable index ie to move closer to equality – Frame strategies around the factors to improve income/livelihood of small scale producers – Applied to pearl millet for poultry feed value chain

Methodology development, WCA Characteristics Alternative ID# 4 (Contract) Alternative ID# 7 (Contract) Alternative ID# 9 (Contract) Alternative ID# 11 (No Contract) Period of contract negotiation Before harvestAfter harvestBefore harvest Verification of grain quality With Without Mode of paymentCash Credit Product delivery place Producers’ placeProcessors’ placeProducers’ place Price of the product Set after harvest Set before harvest Mode of conflict resolution Out-of-court (without the Police) Court settlement (with the Police I choose the alternative… (please tick)     Example of contract choice card

Methodology development: comparing upgrading options (WCA) Identify upgrading options that reduce transaction costs along the groundnut value chain in Niger Test various upgrading options as treatments or interventions using randomized or quasi experimental designs Measure treatment effects Measure and assess impacts on women’s income and labour use by using regression discontinuity, matching and double difference methods

Methodology development: Gender Equity Toolbox (ESA) – Toolbox to promote gender equity in commercialisation of staple foodcrops – Gendered value chain mapping – Gendered activity profile for value chain functions – Gendered resource profile for value chain functions – Gender equity model to predict gender impacts of value chain upgrading (eg. machine shellers) – Applied to groundnuts in Zambia

Linkages with other CRPs CRP 3.6 (sorghum RTU, pearl millet, sorghum beer) CRP 3.5 (groundnuts)

Next steps in SA – Organize brainstorm session to fine-tune list of indicators to measure inclusiveness and design methodology – Application to two agricultural commodities (pearl millet and chickpea) in India-2013 – Administer surveys to compile data-2014 – Analyze data to understand factors that contribute to a more equitable index-2014 – Propose suitable strategies to make value chain more inclusive-2014 – Explore the possibility of validating the concept in other regions and other commodity CRP’s

Next steps in WCA – Baseline study: August-December 2013 – Monitoring of interventions: January-May 2014 – Evaluation study: June-November 2014

Next steps in ESA Sorghum beer – Abstract accepted for EAAE Conference, September 2013 – “Inclusion” re-conceptualised for SSA context (high levels of collective action, crop-specific gender roles, and FHHs) – “Inclusion” is determined by development process that varies by region Gender equity toolbox – Stakeholder workshop for value chain mapping and identification of upgrading options (October 2013) – Design and implementation of gendered activity and resource profiles (by Dec 2013) – Testing of upgrading options (May-August 2014) – Development of household model for gender impacts – Evaluation of upgrading options using household model (by Dec 2014)