SOUTHEAST EUROPEAN INTERMODALITY 11th Southeast European Freight Forwarders and Logistics Providers Congress SOUTHEAST EUROPEAN INTERMODALITY DEVELOPMENT’S PERSPECTIVES FOR THE PORTS IN SOUTH-EAST EUROPE Infrastructure Development in Turkey: Improving connectivity for deeper regional integration. Alp ÇAPA Arkas Port Services Group

Asia to Europe Trade Flow Current Modal Asia to Europe Trade Flow

Terminal Constraints Bremerhaven Felixstowe Rotterdam

Turkish Container Terminals Challenges Faced Furthermore; Changing service patterns in distribution and trade could prevent non hybrid operators from further investing for hub infrastructure. Increased focus on improving tariff structure to sustain vendor competitiveness Regional advantages are there while the disadvantages still remain: Busy traffic for access to and out of Marmara. The presence of the Marmara Fault Line.

Emerging Markets In the next decade, we will observe global economic growth driven by emerging markets. Not only by just the BRICS nations but by other countries such as Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia and also by the shifting wealth and buying power to emerge from reserves-rich countries like Kazakhistan, Iran, Azerbeijan, Iraq, and Algeria. Asian economies are growing rapidly and need to access to the potential & emerging markets efficiently in order to sustain growth. The current model will not support forever the evergrowing requirements, therefore a new model must be developed. Total Current Declared Turkish Container Terminal Capacity: 15.2 million TEU/pa. Total Potential Declared Turkish Container Terminal Expansion: 7.4 million TEU/pa.

Potential Markets Ukraine, Romania, Moldova, Bulgaria and Hungary Region 4 GNI per Capita [USD] 5,390 Population [Millions] 55 GDP [$ 000] 187,023 Region 5 GNI per Capita [USD] 26,380 Population [Millions] 172 GDP [$ 000] 409,184 Region 3 GNI per Capita [USD] 19,090 Population [Millions] 128 GDP [$ 000] 779,562 Region 1 GNI per Capita [USD] 32,620 Population [Millions] 85 GDP [$ 000] 554,249 Region 2 GNI per Capita [USD] 33,670 Population [Millions] 160 GDP [$ 000] 1,945,679 Ukraine, Romania, Moldova, Bulgaria and Hungary Eqypt, Tunisia, Libya, Algeria and Morocco. Iraq and Syria Iran, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan Russia, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan.

Turkish Container Terminals Capacity & Development Analysis Black Sea Filyos Samsun Trabzon Izmir Alsancak Ege Gubre Nemport APM Aliaga Baticim MIP Candarli Port of Mersin Limak Port Akdeniz Assan Port Isdemir Mediterranean

Marmara Container Terminals Capacity & Development Analysis Black Sea Marport Mardas Haydarpasa Kumport Akport Derince Asyaport Yilport Belde Port Marmara Sea Evyap DP Yarimca Bandirma Rodaport Limas Borusan Yilport Gemlik

Market Overview: Turkey (TEU) 1996 - 2012

Base Country Logistics Base Russia Relay of cargo via all modes of transport Moldova Ukraine Kazakhstan Hungary Consolidation / Re-consolidation Romania Bulgaria Warehousing [Climate Controlled] Georgia Azerbaijan Uzbekistan Assembly Facilities Armenia 11 Destinations with a total of 29 weekly Ro-Ro Services. Turkmenistan Tunisia Pre-delivery checks and inspections Syria Iraq Morocco Iran Algeria Egypt Libya Can Turkey play a Base Country Role in the development of such a new model?

? Base Country Model YES / IF, Turkey can timely: Can Turkey play a Base Country Role in the development of such a new model? YES / IF, Turkey can timely: Rehabilitate and ultimately implement double-stack rail roads on North-South (Samsun- Mersin & Iskenderun) and East-West routes. Re-define logistics bases for determining the correct locations in the country. Develop state-of-the-art port infrstructure to facilitate the network design.

SOUTHEAST EUROPEAN INTERMODALITY 11th Southeast European Freight Forwarders and Logistics Providers Congress SOUTHEAST EUROPEAN INTERMODALITY DEVELOPMENT’S PERSPECTIVES FOR THE PORTS IN SOUTH-EAST EUROPE Infrastructure Development in Turkey: Improving connectivity for deeper regional integration. Alp ÇAPA Arkas Port Services Group