Introduction to Psychology Suzy Scherf Lecture 5: How Do We Act? Brain and Behavior

Looking at Brains and Measuring Brain Activity

MRI - Structural and Functional Measures of Brain

MRI - Structural and Functional Measures of Brain

MRI - Structural and Functional Measures of Brain Starting to be used to look at brain development! 7-yr-old doing a memory task

Positron Emission Tomography- Functional Brain Activity

Positron Emission Tomography- Functional Brain Activity

PET-Functional Brain Activity

Electroencephalogram Records Temporal Activity of the Brain

Recording Event-Related Potentials from Infants 19-month-old7-month-old

Structural Damage shown w/MRI Functional Damage shown w/PET Diseased Brains - Brain Tumor

MRI Showing Fatal Stroke Spread of Blood

Wernikie’s AphasiaBroca’s Aphasia

Organizing Principles in the Brain

Front of the BrainBack of the Brain

Organizing Principles in the Brain 1. Different areas have different functions. 2. Despite the specialization, no brain area performs only one function. 3. The brain represents the world in maps. 4. All incoming sensory information goes through a switchboard first.

Most Recently Evolved Part of Human Brain - Cerebral Cortex Gyri Sulcus

Different areas have different functions.

Lateral Surface of the Brain

Occipital Lobe Functions:

Occipital Lobe Dysfunctions:

Temporal Lobe Functions:

Temporal Lobe Dysfunctions:

Medial Temporal Lobe Hippocampus and Memory Hippocampus Temporal Lobe Frontal Lobe

ACh Pathways involved in Alzheimer’s Disease Memory Structure Also find general atrophy of cortical tissue

Ventral Temporal Lobe Object Identification Fusiform Gyrus Prosopagnosia - Visual Agnosia - (“A convoluted red form with a linear green attachment.”)

Parietal Lobe Functions:

Parietal Lobe Dysfunctions:

Parietal Lesions – Contralateral Neglect Series of self-portraits by German artist Anton Raderscheidt over 8-months period of time

Frontal Cortex Functions:

Frontal Cortex Dysfunctions:

OrbitoFrontal Cortex Functions:

OrbitoFrontal Cortex Dysfunctions:

OrbitoFrontal Cortex The Story of Phineas Gage

OrbitoFrontal Cortex: Drugs and Reward Non-user Cocaine Addict No DoseCocaine Dose

Motor Strip - Sends Outgoing Motor Commands

Somatosensory Strip – Receives Incoming Sensory Info

These Areas are Organized with Maps

The Brain Represents the World in Maps. Motor Homunculus Somatosensory Homunculus

Artist’s Rendering of the Homunculus

Medial Cut through Human Brain There’s More than Meets the Eye!

Corpus Callosum – Connects two Hemispheres

The Limbic System: Managing Emotions Cingulate Cortex Amygdala Hippocampus

Evolutionarily Older Parts of the Brain Controlling Homeostasis Hindbrain Midbrain Pons Medulla

Sensory Relay Station – the Thalamus Thalamus

Managing Motivations/Drives – the Hypothalamus Hypothalamus

Ventricles of the Human Brain – Contain Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)

Hydroencepahlus – Swelling of the Ventricles

Anatomy of a Neuron Incoming Message Outgoing Message

Action Potential of a Neuron – Sending the Message via Electrical- Chemical Signals

Synapses – Communication between Neurons

Understanding the Functional Organization of the Brain Approach: Reverse engineering the brain –

Understanding the Functional Organization of the Brain Approach: Reverse engineering the brain –

Understanding the Functional Organization of the Brain Approach: Reverse engineering the brain –