NERVOUS SYSTEM Coordinates all activities in the body by transmitting messages back and forth to every cell of the body through nerves.

Central Nervous System Brain and Spinal Cord Receives messages from the PNS (everything outside of brain and spinal cord) and sends a response or reaction Tells the body how to respond to a stimulus

Spinal Cord About 18 +/- inches Sends messages from brain to body and visa versa

Brain Controls activities of the nervous system Allows you to think, reason, coordinate, learn, remember, perform all bodily functions whether voluntary or involuntary

Brain Parts Cerebrum Cerebellum Brain stem

Cerebrum LARGEST, most complex part of brain Controls conscious thought, learning, & memory Right side controls the left side of the body Left side controls the right side of the body

Cerebrum Lobes Frontal Lobe Parietal Lobe Occipital Lobe Temporal Lobe

Frontal Lobe Voluntary movement Use of language Intellect Personality

Parietal Lobe Sensory Information Heat Cold Pain Touch Kinesthetics—where your body is and what it is doing

Occipital Lobe Vision

Temporal Lobe Hearing Smell Some memory Some thought Some judgement

Cerebellum Coordinates movement of the skeletal muscles Posture Balance

Brain Stem 3-inch stalk of nerve cells and fibers that connect the brain to the spinal cord The “Gateway” from the brain to the body and the body to the brain

Brain Stem Parts Medulla oblongata Pons Midbrain Thalamus Hypothalamus

Medulla Oblongata The lowest portion of the brain stem Regulates heart rate Regulates breathing rate Regulates hearing, talking, and swallowing Regulates reflexes such as: Coughing Sneezing Vomiting

Pons Sits just above the M.O. Connects nerve impulses to other parts of the brain Helps breathing Controls muscles of the eyes and face

Midbrain Highest portion of the brain stem Involved in controlling eyeball movement and pupil size

Kind of like the Pony Express, :~) Thalamus Relay center for incoming messages Kind of like the Pony Express, :~)

Hypothalamus Controls various body processes Temperature Appetite Sleep Through the pituitary gland it controls metabolism, sexual development, and emotion

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord Sends info from inside and outside of your body to the CNS for the brain to respond to

PNS Parts Autonomic Nervous System Somatic Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous System Controls Involuntary functions Sympathetic—Reflex—”Fight or Flight” Parasympathetic—opposes actions of the sympathetic nervous system by slowing bodily functions during rest

Somatic Nervous System Relays messages from the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin to the CNS which sends a response to the skeletal muscles to move or react to a situation

Neurons Nerve cells Cell body—contains the control center of the nerve cell—nucleus Dendrites—branched structures that extend from the cell body. They receive info from other neurons or sensory receptors and transmit impulses toward the cell body Axons—transmit messages away from the cell body and toward other neurons, cells, or glands

THE BRAIN