IN THE NAME OF ALLAH E - learning theory and practice.

National Center for E-learning and Distance Learning. The Second International Conference of E- learning and Distance Education. Riyadh, KSA.

Research presented to the conference titled The Effectiveness of E-learning Process and Design of E-learning Environments. Gamal S. Allam PhD of Curricula and Teaching Cairo University, Egypt.

E -learning for now and towards the global future

The Effectiveness of E-learning Process and Design of E-learning Environments. Problem of the research: Although e-learning has covered the vast educational needs, it is met by many obstacles in developing and generalizing of it worldly. Joellen and others (2005), Kearsley (2000) and Liu (1999) decided that many learning methods like virtual, distance, online and e-learning, those form a new phenomenon in education and still making of debating issues.

Comparative studies: * comparative Study findings of Shiang Wang (2008) indicated that non-significant differences between online learning and face-to-face learning, especially in some cognitive and affective outcomes. Those conclusions are confirming the educational needs to research both of process and environment of e-learning.

The questions of the research: So the present research will be treating sequentially both of the following questions: 1-What is the e-learning process that enables students to practice of the e-learning successfully? 2- What are the formal and constructional characteristics of e-learning environment which agree with e-learning process and enable to design an effective e-learning system?

Importance of the research questions: Generally; treat these main questions effectively would be helping to avoidance the critical factors of e-learning outcomes, certificates and accreditation, at the same time will respond to rarity and disagreement of the researches findings about the effectiveness of e-learning;

Theoretical, practical and organic views of the e- learning process In order to answer the first question, which aims to know what is the e-learning process that enables students to practice of the e-learning successfully? It is essential to treat theoretical, practical and organic views of the e-learning process, as following:

Firstly Theoretical view of e-learning process: The observational learning theory for Albert Bandura, 1986 indicated the e-learning process in four concepts formulate the theory of learning by showing, which totally agree with the e-learning activities. These concepts are attention, retention, reproduction and motivation.

Theoretical view In the book of the theory and practice of online learning, Patrick Fahy (2004, ) indicated that the e-learning process: for example; observation, perception, recall, comparison and other acquiring skills which are agree with observational learning theory items.

Theoretical view Atkinson & Schffrin (1968) established the linear model of the human memory, which consists of short term and long term memory indicated the LP as an information perception mechanism associated with web environment, this implies that the brain receives new information through the short term memory as a working memory, then transferred and processed of it in long term memory to store it and retrieve, then backs to the short memory when needing.

learner' senses which interact with e-environment variables during e-learning moment.

Mechanism of the human memory through e-information processing. Information processing: Information receptors- Visual perception Process Store Recall Coding Rehearsal Encoding Short-term Memory Long-term Memory E-learning content

Secondly Practical view of the e-learning process: The practical view of e-learning process discusses what are the learners' activities, especially at the same learning moment. Therefore, LP collects between manual and mental activities that learners practice during study and research.

E-LPT-LP Comparison Studying Based – on virtual material, e.g. E- texts, simulations and communication, as unlimited knowledge resources. Studying Based – on actual material, e.g. books, labs equipments and tools, as limited information resources. Studying and learning materials Using observation, perception and data collecting \ recording, with keys board manipulating. According to imaginary and creative thinking with manual proficiency. Concentration on reading, understanding and evaluation, with hand reports writing. Depending on logical thinking and manual treatment. Learning activities, thinking and performance Hypothetical, during of the communication, with exchange of the instructions and feedback, Dominating of the independent feeling. Directly, through face – to- face teaching, and expanding of dependent emotions. Learner\teacher interactions

Thirdly An organic view of the e- learning process: Although that rare and few educational studies have interested in relationships between the learning process and brain operations, some researches indicate that there are three human brain parts responsible for information processing based on visual system are; cerebrum, cerebellum, and the brain stem, Definitely there are four lobes in the cerebrum help the visual learning activities are; a-the Frontal Lobe that is responsible to visual problem solving, b-the Occipital Lobe that is responsible for vision and reading, c- the Parietal Lobe that is responsible for some visual functions and d- the Temporal Lobe that is helps visual memories with Some vision pathways.

1- Frontal Lobe 2- Occipital Lobe 3- Parietal Lobe 4- Temporal Lobe W

Conclusion of the e-learning process views Final perspective: Learning process (LP) Organic Brain parts functions Organic Brain parts functions Practical Manual & Mental processes Practical Manual & Mental processes Theoretical Liner model of the human memory Theoretical Liner model of the human memory

Design of the e- learning environment 1- The persons' performances (e.g. roles of teachers, learners, peers, and monitors). 2-The learning' curricula and materials (e.g. manipulating sites, resources, files, graphics and labs). 3-The learning' communications (e.g. interactions with persons, messages, discussions, processes and feedback).

Firstly the E-learning formal characteristics. W E-learning formal Characteristics E-learning formal Characteristics E-environment pages Screen form Learning texts Visual receivingMental perception Memory processing

Secondly the constructional characteristics of e environment: W E-learning constructional characteristics E-learning process; e.g. (Perusing, understanding, analysis and higher order thinking skills) E-learning recourses; e.g. (E- journal, periodicals, references and libraries) E-learning communications; e.g. (Continuity, interaction, reinforcing and evaluation) Teacher roles roes Learner roles E-learning content (Concepts & Topics) e.g. learning texts, virtual labs and simulations E-learning materials E-learning activities

Best look

Gentlemen Finally, I’m pleased to your attention Gamal S. Allam PhD of curricula and methods of teaching, Cairo University, Egypt Member of China AEEA program, Tsinghua University, China