Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 25 Topic: 11.5: The Cerebrum Essential Question: 1.Explain the functions of the association areas. 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 11.5: The Cerebrum

2 Functions of the Cerebrum Cerebrum: The largest part of the mature brain consisting of two large masses called cerebral hemispheres Controls higher brain function Interpreting impulses Initiating voluntary muscular movements Storing information as memory Retrieving stored information Reasoning Intelligence and personality

Figure 11.15a

4 Corpus Callosum: connects cerebral hemispheres

5 Sulci (sulk-e)/Sulcus: shallow grooves

6 Fissure: Deep grooves Longitudinal fissure- separates hemispheres Transverse fissure- separates cerebrum from cerebellum

7 Functional Regions of Cerebral Cortex Cerebral Cortex – thin layer of gray matter that constitutes the outermost portion of cerebrum; contains 75% of all neurons in nervous system

8 Violet= Cerebral Cortex

Cerebrum 2m3s 9

10 Sensory vs. Association vs. Motor functions of the Cerebrum

11 Sensory Areas Interpret impulses from sensory receptors producing feelings or sensations Ex: temperature, touch, pressure, and pain

12 Association Areas Regions that are not primary motor or primary sensory areas Widespread throughout the cerebral cortex Analyze and interpret sensory experiences Provide memory, reasoning, verbalization, judgment, emotions

13 Motor Areas Primary motor areas found in the frontal lobe Axons of motor neurons connect to voluntary muscles Responsible for fine movements in skeletal muscles, maintain balance/posture

Get out 5 colors 14 You will color code your notes AND your picture

15 Lobes of Cerebral Hemispheres Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital Insula

16 Frontal Lobe: Motor: Controls movements of voluntary skeletal muscles Broca’s area: coordinates muscular actions mouth/tongue/larynx which makes speech possible Frontal Eye Field: Controls the voluntary movements of the eyes/eyelids Association: Carries on higher processes: concentrating, planning, problem solving, judging, consequences, and emotional behavior

17 Parietal Lobe: Association: Understanding speech, using words to express thoughts and feelings, awareness Sensory: Provides sensations of temperature/touch, pressure and pain involving the skin

18 Temporal Lobe: Association: Interprets sensory experiences, remember visual scenes/music, other complex sensory patterns, understanding speech, and reading. Sensory: Hearing (receives from both ears)

19 Occipital Lobe: Association: Combine visual images with other sensory patterns/recognition Sensory: Vision (receives from both eyes)

Cerebral Lobes (3m44s) 20 “Other”: Please add notes to your Cerebral Lobes paper in the other section

21 Insula: Association: Believed to be involved in consciousness/ emotion and the body’s regulation of homeostasis

22 Wernicke’s Area: The spot where the parietal, temporal, and occipital associations areas join: plays the primary role in complex thought processing

23 Other Sensory Areas Sensory Area for Taste near bases of the central sulci Sensory Area for Smell arise from centers deep within the cerebrum

24 Motor and Sensory Areas

An Experiment: Understanding the Cerebrum (3m26s) 25

26 Clinical Application 11.4 Cerebral Injuries and Abnormalities 1.A person with damage to their association areas may show what types of behaviors? 2.Why can a child possibly develop normally even after brain trauma? 3.Describe a concussion, what damage is done to the brain, and what is the recovery time. 4.What is thought to cause Cerebral palsy? 5.Who is most at risk of Cerebral palsy? 6.What are some effects seen in a child with Cerebral palsy? 7.What causes a stroke? 8.What damage is done to the brain after a stroke? P.26

Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 27 Topic: 11.5 The Cerebrum- Hemisphere Dominance and Memory Essential Question: What is a major difference between short-term memory and long-term memory? 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 11.5: The Cerebrum- Hemisphere Dominance and Memory

Pg. 27 Cerebral Hemispheres Left Side Right Side Memory Short-Term Long-Term

29 Hemisphere Dominance The left hemisphere is dominant in most individuals Left Brain controls: speech writing reading verbal skills analytical skills computational skills Logic Language Science/Math Right Brain controls: nonverbal tasks motor tasks understanding and interpreting musical and visual patterns provides emotional and intuitive thought processes Creativity Art/Music

Hemispheres: Left and Right Brain (3m 48s) 30

Divide pg. 26 into 3 even sections 31

Pencils Down… 32

33 You have 30 seconds to study these pictures:

34 On the top of pg. 26, list as many of the pictures as you can remember:

35 How many did you remember? Total 20 objects

Short Term Memory Test 36 Short Term Memory Test Link Middle of 26

37

How is your memory for faces? 38

39 Memory Short Term “Working memories” neurons connected in a circuit circuit is stimulated over and over when impulse ceases, so does memory unless it enters long- term memory via memory consolidation Long Term changes structure or function of neurons enhances synaptic transmission

TED Talks: How Your Working Memory Makes Sense of the World Peter Doolittle 40 9m29s

41 Basal Nuclei Basal Nuclei: Masses of gray matter Deep within cerebral hemispheres produce dopamine control certain muscular activities primarily by facilitating voluntary movement Parkinson’s Disease: degeneration neurons in the basal nuclei

42 Work on: Notebook Check Brian Quiz Practice Both on Wed 2/12