Copyright, Louis Hoffman, PhD, 2006 Science, Psychology, & Religion Lecture by Louis Hoffman, PhD Colorado School of Professional Psychology July, 2006

Copyright, Louis Hoffman, PhD, 2006 Overview Introduction Introduction What is Science? Psychology? Religion? What is Science? Psychology? Religion? Terms & Definitional Issues in Historical Context Terms & Definitional Issues in Historical Context History of Science & Religion through the Gifford Lectures History of Science & Religion through the Gifford Lectures Variants in the History of Psychology & Religion Variants in the History of Psychology & Religion Barbour’s Categories Barbour’s Categories The Future of Science, Psychology, & Religion The Future of Science, Psychology, & Religion

Copyright, Louis Hoffman, PhD, 2006 Introduction Purpose of this Lecture: Purpose of this Lecture: General Overview of Science & Religion General Overview of Science & Religion More Specific Attention to Psychology & Religion More Specific Attention to Psychology & Religion Why History? Why History? History Illuminates the Current Context History Illuminates the Current Context

Copyright, Louis Hoffman, PhD, 2006 What is Science? Psychology? Religion? Science? Science? Broad: Systematic Study Broad: Systematic Study Narrow: Empiricism, Scientific Method Narrow: Empiricism, Scientific Method History of Empiricism History of Empiricism Psychology? Psychology? Special Type of Science Focusing on Human Beings Special Type of Science Focusing on Human Beings Psychology as Art or Science? Psychology as Art or Science? Religion? Religion? Systematic Structure or Organization of Beliefs Systematic Structure or Organization of Beliefs Lecture Focus: Organized Religion Lecture Focus: Organized Religion

Copyright, Louis Hoffman, PhD, 2006 Terms & Definitional Issues in Historical Context Epistemology Epistemology Philosophy of Science Philosophy of Science Metaphysics Metaphysics Empiricism Empiricism

Copyright, Louis Hoffman, PhD, 2006 Terms & Definitional Issues in Historical Context Psychology of Religion Psychology of Religion Integration of Psychology and Religion Integration of Psychology and Religion Religious Psychology Religious Psychology Psychology and Religion Psychology and Religion

Copyright, Louis Hoffman, PhD, 2006 History of Science & Religion through the Gifford Lectures Witham’s Measure of God Witham’s Measure of God Natural Theology – Take 1 (1800’s to late 1800’s/early 1900’s) Natural Theology – Take 1 (1800’s to late 1800’s/early 1900’s) Scientific Materialism – (late 1800’s/early 1900’s through mide 1900’s) Scientific Materialism – (late 1800’s/early 1900’s through mide 1900’s) Rebellion against Scientism/Return to Subjectivism (mid 1900’s to 1980’s) Rebellion against Scientism/Return to Subjectivism (mid 1900’s to 1980’s) A New Natural Theology (1980’s to current) A New Natural Theology (1980’s to current)

Copyright, Louis Hoffman, PhD, 2006 Variants in the History of Psychology & Religion Distinguishing Empirical Psychology & Clinical Psychology Distinguishing Empirical Psychology & Clinical Psychology Early Roots Against Religion: Freud, Skinner Early Roots Against Religion: Freud, Skinner Early Openness to Religion: James, Maslow Early Openness to Religion: James, Maslow Fuller Seminary & the History of American Psychology & Religion Fuller Seminary & the History of American Psychology & Religion The 1980’s: Renewed Openness The 1980’s: Renewed Openness From Religion to Spirituality From Religion to Spirituality Spirituality in the Contemporary Paradigm Spirituality in the Contemporary Paradigm

Copyright, Louis Hoffman, PhD, 2006 Barbour’s Categories: 4 Views on Science & Religion Conflict Position Conflict Position Biblical Literalism (1a) Biblical Literalism (1a) Scientific Materialism (1b) Scientific Materialism (1b) Independence Position Independence Position Separate Domains (2a) Separate Domains (2a) Differing Language & Functions (2b) Differing Language & Functions (2b) Dialogue Position Dialogue Position Presuppositions and Limit-Questions (3a) Presuppositions and Limit-Questions (3a) Methodological and Conceptual Parallels (3b) Methodological and Conceptual Parallels (3b) Integration Position Integration Position Natural Theology (4a) Natural Theology (4a) Theology of Nature (4b) Theology of Nature (4b) Systematic Synthesis (4c) Systematic Synthesis (4c)

Copyright, Louis Hoffman, PhD, 2006 Conflict Position Religion Science Conflict

Copyright, Louis Hoffman, PhD, 2006 Independence Position Religion Science Independence (No Relationship)

Copyright, Louis Hoffman, PhD, 2006 Dialogue Position ReligionScience

Copyright, Louis Hoffman, PhD, 2006 Integration Religion & Science

Copyright, Louis Hoffman, PhD, 2006 The Future of Science, Psychology, & Religion Science, Psychology, & Religion in the Postmodern Context Science, Psychology, & Religion in the Postmodern Context Religion is on the outs Religion is on the outs Spirituality is in Spirituality is in Science is in question Science is in question Psychology is popular, but undergoing identity changes Psychology is popular, but undergoing identity changes Greater Epistemological Equality Greater Epistemological Equality Importance of Interdisciplinary Work & Dialogue Importance of Interdisciplinary Work & Dialogue

Copyright, Louis Hoffman, PhD, 2006 References Barbour, I. (1990). Religion in an age of science. San Francisco, CA: Harper. (Purchase here) (Purchase here (Purchase here Barbour, I. (2000). When science meets religion: Enemies, strangers, or partners? San Francisco, CA: Harper. (Purchase here) Purchase herePurchase here Freud, S. (1961). The future of an illusion (J. Strachey trans.). New York: Norton & Company. (Original work published in 1927) (Purchase) (Purchase) James, W. (1997). The varieties of religious experience. New York: Touchstone. (Originally published in 1902) (Purchase here) Purchase herePurchase here Malony, H. N. & Vande Kemp, H. (1995). Psychology and the cross. Pasadena, CA: Fuller Theological Seminary. (Purchase here) Purchase herePurchase here Moore, T. (2003). The soul's religion. New York: Perennial. (Purchase here) Purchase herePurchase here Witham, L. (2005). The measure of God: Our century-long struggle to reconcile science and religion. The story of the Gifford Lectures. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco.(Purchase here) (Purchase here)(Purchase here)