HS111 – Medical Terminology Seminar March 30 th – April 5 th, 2011

Learning Activities for this week 1. Complete Reading – Ch.2 & Ch.3 2. Participate in Discussion - initial post doesn’t have to be 100 words, but try using at least 5 medical terms; also, initial post has to be by Saturday at 11:59pm EST 3. Participate in Seminar – Opt. 1 or 2 4. Take the Quiz 5. No project due this week

Review from last week – intro to word parts * * Don’t forget ** 1. Word root – the word part that is the core of the word 2. Prefix – attached to the beginning of the word root to modify its meaning 3. Suffix – attached to the end of the word root to modify its meaning (most med. terms have a suffix) 4. Combining vowel – a word part, usually an ‘o,’ used to ease pronunciation 5. Defining med.terms – start with suffix, then move to beginning of word ex. Oste/o/pathy – disease of the bone

Chapter 2 – Body Structure, Color, and Oncology Organization of the human body o Cell – basic unit of life o Tissues – group of similar cells that perform a specific task o Organs – 2+ kinds of tissues that perform special body functions together o Systems – group of organs working together to perform complex body functions

Combining forms of body structure Aden/o – gland Cyt/o – cell Epitheli/o – epithelium Fibr/o – fiber Hist/o – tissue Kary/o – nucleus Lip/o – fat My/o – muscle Neur/o – nerve Organ/o – organ Sarc/o – flesh, connective tissue System/o – system Viscer/o – internal organs

More combining forms used with body structure terms Cancer/o or carcin/o – cancer Eti/o – cause (of disease) Gno/o – knowledge Iatr/o – MD, medicine Onc/o – tumor, mass Path/o – disease Somat/o – body Lei/o – smooth Rhabd/o - striated

Quiz time – who’s awake!? Tell me what the def’s are: Hist/o - ? My/o - ? Viscer/o - ? Sarc/o - ? Eti/o - ?

Combining forms that describe color  Chrom/o – color  Erythro/o – red  Xanth/o – yellow  Chlor/o – green  Cyan/o – blue  Melan/o – black  Leuk/o - white

Common suffixes & prefixes Prefixes Dia– = through, complete Dys– = painful or abnormal Hyper– = above, excessive Hypo- = below, deficient Meta– = after, beyond, change Neo- = new Pro- = before Suffixes -al, -ic, -ous = pertaining to -stasis = control, stop, standing -plasia = condition of formation, dvlpmt, growth -osis = abnormal condition -genesis = origin -genic = producing, originating, causing -pathy = disease -plasm = growth -oma = tumor

Another quiz! What do these words mean? 1. Fibr/oma 2. My/oma 3. Lip/oma 4. Melan/oma

More to that! Cancerous tumor – WR / S Tumor composed of nerve- WR / S Tumor composed of smooth muscle- WR / CV / WR / S

Body structure terms  Dysplasia – abnormal development  Erythrocyte- RBC  Histology – study of tissue  Leukocyte – WBC  Carcinogen – substance that causes cancer  Cyanosis – abnormal condition of blue color  Diagnosis – state of complete knowledge (identifying a disease)  Etiology – study of causes (of diseases)  Metastasis – beyond control (transfer of disease from one organ to another)  Oncologist – MD who studies/treats tumors  Pathogenic – producing disease  Prognosis – state of before knowledge (prediction of outcome of the disease)

Quiz time! Define the following terms: Histology - ??? Carcinogen - ??? Oncologist - ??? Prognosis - ???

Cancer terms Benign – not malignant, nonrecurrent, favorable for recovery Chemotherapy – treatment of cancer with drugs Exacerbation – increase in the severity of a disease or its symptoms Idiopathic – pertaining to disease of unknown origin In vitro – within a glass, observable within a test tube Radiation therapy – treatment of cancer with a radioactive substance, X-ray, or radiation Remission – improvement or absence of signs of the disease

Check out Singular & Plural Endings for Medical Terms You will need to bookmark this page for future reference

Chapter 3 – Directional Terms, Anatomic Planes, Regions, & Quadrants Combining Forms  Anter/o – front  Caud/o- tail (downward)  Cephal/o – head (upward)  Dist/o – away (from the point of attachment of a body part)  Dors/o – back  Infer/o – below  Later/o – side  Medi/o – middle  Poster/o – back, behind  Proxim/o – near (the point of attachment of a body part)  Super/o – above  Ventr/o – belly (front)

Quiz Fill in the blank: The combining form meaning middle is __________. The combining form meaning tail (downward) is ___________.

Prefixes & suffixes Let’s go over these together: Bi- means what? Uni– means what? -ad means what? -ior means what?

Directional terms  Caudad – toward the tail  Cephalad – toward the head  Lateral – pertaining to the side  Medial – pertaining to the middle  Unilateral – pertaining to one side  Bilateral – pertaining to two sides  Mediolateral – pertaining to the middle and to the side  Posterior – pertaining to the back  Distal – pertaining to away  Proximal – pertaining to near  Inferior – pertaining to below  Superior – pertaining to above  Caudal – pertaining to the tail  Cephalic – pertaining to the head  Anterior – pertaining to the front  Dorsal – pertaining to the back

Anatomic planes Frontal or coronal – vertical field passing through body from side to side (dividing body into anterior and posterior parts) Sagittal – vertical field running through the body from front to back (dividing body into right and left sides) Midsagittal – divides the body into right and left halves Transverse – horizontal field dividing body into upper and lower parts

Quiz – just one more Fill in the blank Fill in the blank: 1. Medial means pertaining to the ________. 2. Anterior means pertaining to the ________. 3. Cephalic means pertaining to the _______. 4. ________ is the horizontal field dividing the body into upper and lower portions.

The 9 abdominopelvic regions 1. Umbilical region – around the naval 2. Epigastric region – right above the umbilical region 3. Hypogastric region – right below the umbilical region 4. Hypochondriac regions (2) – to the right and left of the epigastric region 5. Lumbar regions (2) – to the right and left of the umbilical region 6. Iliac regions (2) – to the right and left of the hypogastric region

4 Abdominopelvic quadrants 1. RUQ – right upper quadrant 2. LUQ – left upper quadrant 3. RLQ – right lower quadrant 4. LLQ – left lower quadrant

Thank you for attending seminar tonight!