THE HUMAN CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM BY: DIANA ARROYO, SAWANI GOONATILLEKE, PRIYANKA SONI

BLOOD CELLS BONE MARROW BLOOD BLOOD VESSELS HEART CIRCULATION DISEASES THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

BLOOD CELLS blood has two main types of cells RBCs and WBCs plus pieces of cell called platelets RBCs look round with a small dent in the middle mainly contain hemoglobin hemoglobin-allows RBCs to transport oxygen around your body RBCs contain enzymes that the body uses to make certain chemical processes happen. WBCs are also called leucocytes which mostly fight infections FACT: There are 5 million RBCs in 1 drop of blood

BONE MARROW bones contain a core of jellylike substance called marrow color can either be red or yellow depending on whether it has more blood or fat tissue is the factory or production of all the body’s blood cells All bone marrow is yellow when you are a baby, but as you grow older, the majority of it turns yellow Adults have red marrow only in the spine, breastbone, ribs, shoulder blades, pelvis, and skull Yellow bone marrow stores fat, but it can turn into red marrow when you are ill The many different kinds of blood cells all start as red marrow as a cell called a stem cell. Different blood cells develop as stem cells divide repeatedly. Some stem cells divide and form RBCs and platelets

BLOOD liquid that circulates through out the body Made up of: Red Blood Cells(RBC), White Blood Cells(WBC), Platelets, 90% Water, and many other substances (nutrients & hormones) carries: oxygen, food to all cells takes carbon dioxide and wastes away fights infection, keeps you warm, & distributes chemicals oxygen turns your blood bright red but in your veins its almost brown Platelets contribute to clotting which stops you from bleeding Types of Blood: A+, A-, B-, B+, AB+, AB-, O+, O-

BLOOD VESSELS have 3 varieties arteries, veins, and capillaries capillaries connect to arteries then to veins which bring blood back to the heart If we stuck all our blood vessels end to end it would stretch 100,000 km enough to wrap around earth twice with leftover

The Heart Aorta- the largest artery that transports blood from the left ventricle to the body Pulmonary Artery- carries Deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs Pulmonary Vein- Transports Oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left Atrium Right Atrium- receives Deoxygenated blood from the body Left Atrium- receives Oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it down into the left ventricle which delivers it to the body Right Ventricle- pumps Deoxygenated blood into the Pulmonary Artery Left Ventricle- pumps Oxygenated blood into the Aorta Coronary Vessels- supplies the Heart muscle with blood Arteries- carry blood AWAY from the heart Veins- carry blood TOWARD the heart Arteries- carry blood AWAY from the heart Vena Cava- largest vein of the body that carries blood from the body back to the heart IN THE AVERAGE LIFETIME THE HEART PUMPS 53 MILLION GALLONS OF BLOOD.

CIRCULATION 1. When air is taken in, Blood starts its journey through the body in the right atrium. 2. The oxygenated blood then flows through into right ventricle. 3. Then blood reaches the lungs after traveling through the pulmonary artery. 4. From the lungs, the blood flows back to the pulmonary vein to the left atrium. 5. Gases are exchanged in the lungs. CO2 is released by the blood and oxygen is absorbed. 6. Then It flows down to the into the left ventricle. 7. The oxygenated blood is then pumped into the aorta. 8. Between the major arteries, aorta forks and blood is divided to supply the upper and lower body through a network of veins, capillaries, and smaller arteries. 9. Then, the blood goes through the arteries and then the arterioles to reach capillaries. The capillaries feed every cell with oxygen. 10. The blood is deoxygenated by the time it reaches the veins. 11. The deoxygenated blood then flows through the inferior and superior vena cava to finally arrive at the right atrium. 12. The circulation of blood starts again.

Cardiovascular Diseases  Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)  The arteries that carry blood shrink due to the fact of a plaque buildup that consists of fat. The symptoms can lead to heart attacks, chest pains, lightheadedness, and difficulty breathing  However the site in which the plaque is located in decides what type of disease, for example  Coronary Artery Disease- plaque blocks blood pathways to the heart  Peripheral Artery Disease- plaque blocks blood pathways to arms/ legs  Carotid Artery Disease- plaque blocks blood pathways to the brain

Cardiovascular Diseases  Heart Failure  Occurs after there has been an injury to the heart muscle due to a heart attack or cholesterol. The factors include diabetes, heart murmur, and enlarged heart.  Symptoms include:  - Difficulty breathing - Fatigue  - Swelling of legs and feet  Stroke  This is caused by the Carotid Disease since the arteries that transport oxygen and blood are blocked. This then stall the blood transport causing the artery to clot and/ or burst. Thus causing brain cells to die

BIBLIOGRAPHY Internet Site Cardiovascular Disease. Department of Health. Internet Site Congenital Heart Disease. Cedars Sinai. sinai.edu/Patients/Health-Conditions/Congenital-Heart- Disease.aspx?gclid=CJHRtvv4jrcCFceDQgodomMACQhttp:// sinai.edu/Patients/Health-Conditions/Congenital-Heart- Disease.aspx?gclid=CJHRtvv4jrcCFceDQgodomMACQ Video The Human Circulatory System Explained. Internet Site By: EcoGeeks Book Silver Dolphin Books. Human Body. Silver Dolphin Books, 2006