HOW DO WE REMEMBER THE LIFE PROCCESSES? H.N.T.R.S.G.E.R.M.R. WHICH ONES HAVE WE COVERED? NUTRITION & TRANSPORT & RESPIRATION & *EXCRETION WHAT’S NEXT? R  REGULATION (RESPONSE) ORGANISMS CAN REGULATE/RESPOND INTERNALLY OR EXTERNALLY

ONE OF THE SIMPLEST FORMS OF RESPONSE TO UNDERSTAND IS LOCOMOTION!! WHAT IS LOCOMOTION? BEING ABLE TO MOVE FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER PLACE MOTILE VS SESSILE?? WHY LOCOMOTE? FIND FOOD FIND SHELTER ESCAPE PREDATORS FIND MATES

LOCOMOTION IN PROTISTS AMEBA VS PARAMECIUM

LOCOMOTION IN PROTISTS AMEBA PSEUDOPODS PARAMECIUM CILIA & FLAGELLA

LOCOMOTION IN THE HYDRA

LOCOMOTION IN THE EARTHWORM EARTHWORM’S POSSESS SETAE!!! TINY HAIRS, OR BRISTLES, THAT PROVIDE TRACTION WATCH THIS!!! WATCH THIS

LOCOMOTION IN THE GRASSHOPPER EXOSKELETON MADE OF CHITIN POSSESS JOINTS (WHICH ALLOW FOR FREE RANGE OF MOVEMENT)

LOCOMOTION IN HUMANS THE HUMAN MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

LOCOMOTION IN HUMANS THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM IS BROKEN INTO TWO PARTS THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM EXAMPLES BICEPS TRICEPS HAMSTRINGS WHAT ELSE?? THE SKELETAL SYSTEM EXAMPLES RIBS RADIUS FEMUR WHAT ELSE??

LOCOMOTION IN HUMANS THE SKELETAL SYSTEM MADE UP OF TWO COMPONENTS BONE & CARTILAGE

LOCOMOTION IN HUMANS WHAT PURPOSE DOES BONE SERVE? SITES TO ATTACH MUSCLE STRUCTURE AND SUPPORT PROTECTION STORAGE OF MINERALS (CALCIUM) BLOOD CELL FORMATION

LOCOMOTION IN HUMANS HOW DO BONES FORM? THEY START OUT AS “REGULAR” CELLS CALLED OSTEOBLASTS OSTEOBLASTS MIX WITH COLLAGEN, CALCIUM, AND PHOSPHATE TO CREATE A “CEMENT” THAT HARDENS AND FORMS OSTEOCYTES (BONE CELLS) OSTEOCYTES ARRANGE THEMSELVES IN CONCENTRIC CIRCLES FORMING BONES, BUT STILL ALLOWING CIRCULATION TO OCCUR WITHIN THE BONE SPACE INSIDE BONE IS ALSO FILLED WITH MARROW MARROW (RED AND YELLOW) RED MARROW CREATES RBC’S, WBC’S, AND PLATELETS

LOCOMOTION IN HUMANS WHAT IS CARTILAGE? A FLEXIBLE CONNECTIVE TISSUE ALL SKELETALS IN EMBRYOS START OUT AS CARTILAGE, SLOWLY TURNS INTO BONE AS YOU GET OLDER (OSSIFICATION) CHILDREN’S BONES HAVE MORE CARTILAGE, SO THEIR BONES ARE MORE FLEXIBLE, WHICH IS WHY THEY DON’T BREAK BONES AS EASILY

LOCOMOTION IN HUMANS

THE HUMAN SKELETON AXIAL VS APPENDICULAR AXIAL SKULL VERTEBRAE RIBS BREASTBONE APPENDICULAR PECTORAL GIRDLE PELVIC GIRDLE ARM BONES LEG BONES

LOCOMOTION IN HUMANS THE HUMAN SKELETON JOINTS POINT IN THE SKELETON WHERE THE BONES MEET HELD TOGETHER BY LIGAMENTS

LOCOMOTION IN HUMANS SKELETAL DAMAGE DISLOCATIONS

LOCOMOTION IN HUMANS SKELETAL DAMAGE FRACTURES

LOCOMOTION IN HUMANS

THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM UNDERSTANDING MUSCLES IS EXTREMELY COMPLEX, BECAUSE IT IS CONTROLLED AT A MOLECULAR LEVEL THE SIMPLE EXPLANATION IS THAT TINY FIBERS CALLED MYOFIBRILS ARE MADE UP OF SPECIAL PROTEINS THAT INTERACT WITH EACH OTHER AND CAUSE MOVEMENT

LOCOMOTION IN HUMANS MUSCLE THERE ARE 3 TYPES OF MUSCLE SKELETAL (STRIATED) MUSCLE VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT SMOOTH MUSCLE INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENT CARDIAC MUSCLE HEART MUSCLE

LOCOMOTION IN HUMANS WHAT IS A TENDON? CONNECTIVE TISSUE BETWEEN MUSCLE AND BONE WHEN MUSCLE CONTRACTS (MOVES) IT PULLS ON THE TENDON WHICH PULLS ON THE BONE, CAUSING MOVEMENT

LOCOMOTION IN HUMANS MUSCLE MOVEMENT CONTRACTING VS RELAXING A N T A P G A O I N R I S S T I C

WE JUST TALKED ABOUT VOLUNTARY AND INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENT…BUT WHAT ACTUALLY CONTROLS MOVEMENT? THE BRAIN!! WHICH IS PART OF THE… …. NEXT CHAPTER!!