 Warm-up 5/16: Name four parts of the digestive system and state their function. Notes: Lymphatic System, Blood & Non-Specific Immune pp

 Function: carries fluids that collect in tissues to blood stream

 Structures  a. the fluid that moves through the lymphatic vessels  lymph  b. fluid moves by muscle contractions  c. nodes filter microorganisms, tissue, and foreign junk  d. lymphocytes: specialized white blood cells that fight disease

 transports nutrients, O 2, CO 2, & waste  defends the body against disease

 plasma: liquid medium  red blood cells (erythrocytes): transport CO 2 and O 2  white blood cells (leukocytes): defend against disease  platelets: form blood clots

 made of 90% water, sugar, salts, amino acids, vitamins, minerals  yellow in color

 most common in the blood  made in red bone marrow  made of iron-containing hemoglobin  lack of nucleus leaves space to transport materials

 form in red bone marrow but mature in the lymph nodes  many types of white blood cells

 partial cells formed in bone marrow  release chemicals to attract a protein called fibrin to make clots

PP

 Fights pathogens to prevent infections and disease  Works with the lymphatic system (collects fluid and returns it to the blood)

 Bone marrow: produces blood cells  Lymphocytes: white blood cells (wbc)  Lymph nodes: stores wbc  Thymus: matures wbc  Spleen: contains wbc that clean out pathogens as blood filters through

 pathogens: cause disease 1. viruses: protein shell containing DNA or RNA 2. bacteria 3. Fungi (spores) 4. Parasites 5. Toxins (snake bites etc) 6. allergens: cause allergies

 Study page 957

 Protects body against any pathogen, regardless of the pathogen’s identity.

 Skin: block entry  mucous membranes: trap pathogens and move them out of the body  stomach acids: destroys pathogens

 Inflammatory response 1. Injured cells release a chemical signal called histamine to increase blood flow to area 2. platelets cause clotting trapping pathogens 3. Area swells, becomes warm, and macrophages/phagocyte (wbc) move in and engulf bacteria

 interferons: enzymes that stop virus protein production  fever: slow growth of bacteria or increase activity of wbc

 Non-specific Immune Poster  Exam: Human Bio #2 Friday May 23, 2014  Intervention Wednesday 5/21 & Thursday 5/22 from 2:45pm to 3:30 pm.

PP

 lymphatic system  spleen  lymphocytes 1. B-cells: wbc that mature in bone marrow 2. T-cells: wbc that mature in thymus

 wbc have receptors to the antigens (pieces of a pathogen) that cause an immune response

 2-part attack: cell mediated and humoral  Starts with an initial response  Cell-mediated: Killer T-Cell production  Humoral: B-Cell production Initial response Humoral B-Cell production Cell-mediated T-Cell production

 macrophage engulfs pathogen and puts antigens on its surface  Helper T-cell binds to antigen

 Macrophage releases a chemical (INK-1) which causes the Helper T-cell to release INK-2

Initial response Humoral B-Cell production Cell-mediated T-Cell production INK-2

 INK 2 stimulates the production of more Helper T Cells and production of Cytotoxic T Cells  Cytotoxic T Cell (killer T cell): punctures and kills infected body cells.

Initial response Humoral B-Cell production Cell-mediated T-Cell production

 IN-2 causes B-cells to divide  Most B-cells change to plasma cells  plasma cells produce and secrete antibodies  Y-shaped protein that deactivates viruses, and clumps them making it easier for macrophages to engulf and destroy them

 Some B-cells become memory cells (Body’s long term defense system)  When exposed to a pathogen a 2 nd time memory cells immediately recognize and destroy it before it causes illness.

 Study Guide Due Tuesday  Tracing Pathway of immune Response due Wednesday