Skeletal System

Learning Objectives Revise the names of bones Understand the functions of bone List the types of bone Explain the structure of bone

Name the bones From the skeleton diagram, label the bones indicated using the correct terminology

Functions of Bone The functions of the skeleton and bone tissue are: 1. Support – provide a framework for attachment e.g. muscle to bone 2. Protection – protect the internal organs e.g. ribs protect the lungs 3. Movement – when muscles contract they pull on bones and produce movement 4. Mineral storage – bones they store calcium and phosphorous 5. Blood cell production – occurs within the red bone marrow 6. Storage of energy – yellow marrow is a stored source of lipids in the bones

Functions of the skeletal system http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxQBXgF us5c&list=PLVmap4eL- 2_itkKaX4NkGO9DzKcMCvanR&index=1

Types of Bone Short Bones – often cube shaped with the same width and length e.g. wrist, ankle, fingers and toes Long Bones – are longer than they are wide e.g. femur, phalanges and humerus Flat Bones – provide flat area for muscle attachment e.g. scapula, ribs, sternum and skull Irregular Bones – have no regular shape characteristics e.g. vertebra and facial bones Sesamoid Bones – small bones developed in tendons around some joints e.g. patella (knee)

Diagram of the Types of Bones

Structure of Bone Bones are strong and hard, and come in many shapes. Bones have a hard outer layer called the compact bone. This outer layer makes up about 80% of the total bone mass of an adult skeleton. This layer gives the bone its white color. The inside of the bone is called cancellous or spongy bone. Although the cancellous tissue makes up only remaining 20% of the total bone mass, it is light and porous, and makes up most of the bone material. The cancellous tissue also has space for blood vessels and marrow.

Bone marrow, in the middle of long bones, produces blood cells in a process called haematopoiesis. New red and white blood cells are produced every day to maintain constant blood levels. Cartilage- firm, rubbery tissue that cushions bones at joints. A flexible kind of cartilage makes up other parts of the body, such as the larynx and the outside parts of the ears

http://www. youtube. com/watch http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e1JJeBGSn cs&list=PLVmap4eL- 2_itkKaX4NkGO9DzKcMCvanR&index=3

Bingo Skeleton Bingo!