Coagulation

Cut or injuryplatelets and injured tissue release Thromboplastin  act on Prothrombin in plasma  + Calcium ions converts to Thrombin  the thrombin acts as an enzyme and changes Fibrinogen  Fibrin creating a mesh that traps red blood cells, platelets and plasma creating a blood clot. Coagulation

Coagulation Cont. Anticoagulants prevent blood clotting Heparin:antiprothrombin Prothrombin is dependent on Vitamin K Coagulation Cont.

White Blood Cells Leukocytes

Leukocytes Larger than erythrocytes Five types Leuk/o/cytes – white cells Leukocytes 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Leukocytes Larger than erythrocytes Granular or agranular 5 types Normal leukocyte count = 3,200 – 9,800 Diapedesis- when WBC have the ability to squeeze through the intercellular spaces of capillary walls to fight infection in neighboring tissues. Leukocytes 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Leukocytes Agranulocytes Granulocytes Lymphocytes Monocytes Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Leukocytes 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Thrombocytes Smallest of solid components of blood Synthesized in red marrow Not cells, composed of fragments of megakaryocytes Necessary for the initiation of the blood clotting process Thrombocytes 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Types of White Cells… Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Lymphocytes Monocytes Granuloccyte formed in the bone marrow Phagocytize bacteria Granulocyte Formed in the Increase in numbers in allergic conditions, malaria and in worm infestation. Produce heparin an anitcoagulant Count increases during chronic inflammation and during healing from infection. Agranulocyte absence of cytoplasmic granules formed in lymph glands, nodes and bone marrow. B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocyte Protect against cancer cells. Assist in phagocytosis leave blood vessels and attach themselves to tissues, during infection they help to wall off and isolate the infected area Agranulocyte

Life Span of Blood cells 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Phagocytosis – process when white cells surround engulf, and digest harmful bacteria.

Inflammation

Start  Pus produced a combination of dead tissue, dead and living bacteria, dead leukocytes and plasma Body’s reaction to chemical or physical trauma.  Histamine increases the blood flow to the injured area.  Pathogenic disease producing microorganisms can cause inflammation. Symptoms – redness, local heat, swelling and pain   Inflammation  Why? Bacterial toxins, increase blood flow, collection of plasma in tissues – edema.

Inflammation

Inflammation Cont. Abscess Pus-filled cavity below the epidermis. Pyrexia Increase in body temperature by the hypothalamus in response to pathogenic invasion Leukocytosis Increase in the number of white cells in response to infection Leukopenia Decrease in number of white cells due to chemotherapy or radiation

Hematology BM #2

BM #3

Hematology BM#2 Questions 1. Name and describe the five different types of what blood cells. 2. Draw a picture for each white blood cell with their job for your body. For example if they eat the bacteria draw a big mouth as the WBC and a bacteria inside. 3. What is inflammation? Describe a time when you had an inflammation. 4. List the process of coagulation. Remember to copy the words from the bubble map in color and color the pictures. Hematology BM#2 Questions