The Rise of Fascism & Nazism Mussolini in Italy & Hitler in Germany

Standard 10.7.3 Analyze the rise, aggression, and human costs of totalitarian regimes (Fascist and Communist) in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union, noting especially their common and dissimilar traits.

After World War I, people everywhere questioned old ideas about religion, leadership, and even science. Albert Einstein develops the Theory of Relativity which upsets scientific beliefs held since Isaac Newton. Men like Sigmund Freud developed new ideas about what motivated people.

new ideas and science changed ideas about the world 1. A Culture in Conflict new ideas and science changed ideas about the world atomic theory theory of relativity psychoanalysis

new ideas and science changed ideas about the world 1. A Culture in Conflict new ideas and science changed ideas about the world atomic theory theory of relativity psychoanalysis B. new literature and the arts lead to a sense of uncertainty

After women won the right to vote in Russia, western nations that claimed to be democratic finally were forced to give women the vote.

new ideas and science changed ideas about the world 1. A Culture in Conflict new ideas and science changed ideas about the world atomic theory theory of relativity psychoanalysis B. new trends in literature and the arts contributed to a sense of uncertainty C. women made progress in education and politics but still lagged behind men in career opportunities and pay

International Relations

The War to End All Wars ended on November 11, 1918 Europe was left to wonder what had happened… Over 65 million men were mobilized… There were 37,500,000 casualties… Over 21 million men returned injured Over 8,500,000 men died The war cost over $31,000,000,000 someone had to pay…the question was who…

NEVER AGAIN Nihilism Atheism Suicide Distrust of government Anger Despair Suicide Distrust of government NEVER AGAIN Hopelessness Frustration Anger Nihilism Leadership failure Futility

2. The Western Democracies A. after World War I diplomats worked hard to make: i. treaties that ended war

The League of Nations After World War I, President Woodrow Wilson proposed the 14 Points for peace. One of Wilson’s ideas was to create a League of Nations. The League excluded Germany and Russia. Most importantly, Americans did not seem sure that the League was a good idea. The U.S. Senate decided to reject Wilson’s plans for the League. The USA never joined…

2. The Western Democracies A. after World War I diplomats worked hard to make: i. treaties that ended war ii. cooperation in the League of Nations

2. The Western Democracies A. after World War I diplomats worked hard to make: i. treaties that ended war ii. cooperation in the League of Nations B. leading democratic powers faced difficult political and economic challenges at home and abroad

2. The Western Democracies A. after World War I diplomats worked hard to make: i. treaties that ended war ii. cooperation in the League of Nations B. leading democratic powers faced difficult political and economic challenges at home and abroad C. the Great Depression created financial turmoil and widespread suffering throughout the industrialized world

Rise of Fascist Italy preached extreme nationalism nations must struggle – peaceful nations were doomed no clearly defined program for improvement citizens lose individual rights state is supreme Italians were furious that they were not given more land after World War I. They also feared a Communist Revolution like Russia. Many were attracted to the idea of a strong leader.

3. Fascism in Italy A. Benito Mussolini and his Fascist Party took advantage of political and economic unrest to seize power in the 1920s.

3.Fascism in Italy A. Benito Mussolini and his Fascist Party took advantage of political and economic unrest to seize power in the 1920s. B. Fascism was rooted in extreme nationalism and glorified action, violence, discipline, and loyalty to the state. C. As Il Duce, Mussolini established the first totalitarian state which served as a model for others.

Rise of Adolf Hitler

4. Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany A. Weimer Republic weakened by disunity and inflation. Many blamed the government for the hated treaty of Versailles

4. Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany A. Weimer Republic weakened by disunity and inflation. Many blamed the government for the hated treaty of Versailles B. Hitler appealed to extreme nationalism, anti-Semitism, anti-communism, and resentment of the Treaty of Versailles

Hitler’s Rise to Dictator in 1933 Hitler became Chancellor of Germany (Weimer Republic) he did not have a majority he called for new elections six days before the elections, the Nazis burned down the Reichstag and blamed Communists Hitler won a small majority and declared a one-party state

4. Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany A. Weimer Republic weakened by disunity and inflation. Many blamed the government for the hated treaty of Versailles B. Hitler appealed to extreme nationalism, anti-Semitism, anti-communism, and resentment of the Treaty of Versailles C. Hitler and the Nazis used terror, repression, and one party rule to create a totalitarian society

4. Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany A. Weimer Republic weakened by disunity and inflation. Many blamed the government for the hated treaty of Versailles B. Hitler appealed to extreme nationalism, anti-Semitism, anti-communism, and resentment of the Treaty of Versailles C. Hitler and the Nazis used terror, repression, and one party rule to create a totalitarian society D. Economic problems and ethnic tensions in Eastern Europe helped fascist dictators gain power there