15-3b Nazism and Adolf Hitler

Hitler Rises to Power in Germany 1919 Hitler joined a right-wing political group that wanted Germany to overturn the Versailles Treaty Group names itself—National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NAZI) Nazis form basis of fascism in Germany

Nazi Germany Adopt swastika as symbol Form militia (brown shirts) who act as storm troopers Elect Hitler as Fuhrer Attempt to seize power in Munich failed, Hitler imprisoned; Nazi’ weak Hitler writes Mein Kampf where he outlines his beliefs and goals for Germany After release, Hitler revives Nazi Party Hitler gains national attention when US loans stop during Great Depression

Mien Kampf Versailles Treaty is an outrage Hitler’s Declaration Vows to regain lost land Germany needs more “lebensraun” or living room due to overcrowding Promised to get more land by conquering Europe and Russia Hitler’s Declaration Aryans (blond blue eyed Germans) to be the “Master Race” Non-aryans are inferior (Jews, Gypsies, Slavs Mien Kampf

Hitler Becomes Chancellor Nazis became largest political party in Germany by 1932 Conservative leaders thought they could control Hitler Hitler named Chancellor in 1933 Hitler called for elections, parliament building burns down Nazis blamed communists and win elections Hitler turned Germany into a totalitarian state

Hitler takes control of Germany After election, Nazis take control of economy Strikes banned Labor unions dissolved Gov’t controls biz, labor Hitler puts nation to work building factories, roads, weapons, serving in army Unemployment drops sharply

The Fuhrer is Supreme Hitler wanted total control of every aspect of people’s lives Turns media into propaganda machines Non-conforming books are burned Churches forbidden to criticize the gov’t Hitler Youth Groups Emphasized continuous struggle for victory Anti-Semitism gains gov’t support Nov. 9 1938 violence against Jews erupts (Kristallnacht) the start to completely eliminate the Jewish people

Other Countries Fall to Dictators Nations formed after WWI also turn to dictators to solve economic problems Hungary Poland Yugoslavia Albania Bulgaria Romania

Democratic Nations in Europe Only nations with strong traditions of democracy able to hold onto democracy Britain France Scandinavia By mid 1930s, two opposing groups dominate Europe—democratic and totalitarian states. Totalitarian states are willing to use violence and military aggression to achieve their goals—including eliminating civil rights.

Review Questions Why did leadership of many eastern European countries fall to dictators ? Why did the movements of fascism and Nazism and leaders like Mussolini and Hitler come to power during the crisis in Europe? What emotions did Mussolini and Hitler stir up in their followers? Why did Hitler make children join Nazi youth groups? What is lebensraum?

Complete the following Chart Totalitarian Regimes Country Russia Italy Germany Leader Ruling Party Methods of Control Segment of Society under control Scapegoats

Totalitarian Regimes Country Russia Italy Germany Leader Stalin Mussolini Hitler Ruling Party Communist Party Fascist Party NAZI Party Methods of Control Secret police, police terror, spy, propaganda, indoctrination, Censorship Outlawed other political parties, strikes and unions Secret police, Censorship, propaganda, Outlawed other political parties, strikes and unions Brown shirts, censorship, Youth groups, indoctrination. Outlawed other political parties, strikes and unions Segment of Society under control Total private and public control by gov’t Not total control Total control Scapegoats Russian Orthodox Church, Jews Versailles Treaty, workers non-aryans, jews, slavs, gypsies, Treaty of Versailles